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Journal of Bacteriology, November 2004, p. 7327-7336, Vol. 186, No. 21
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.21.7327-7336.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

A Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase with a Novel Domain Organization Is Essential for Siderophore Biosynthesis in Vibrio anguillarum

Manuela Di Lorenzo,¹ Sophie Poppelaars,¹ Michiel Stork,¹ Maho Nagasawa,^1, Marcelo E. Tolmasky,² and Jorge H. Crosa^1*

Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon,¹ Department of Biological Science, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, California²

Received 22 March 2004/ Accepted 26 July 2004

Anguibactin, a siderophore produced by Vibrio anguillarum, is synthesized via a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) mechanism. We have identified a gene from the V. anguillarum plasmid pJM1 that encodes a 78-kDa NRPS protein termed AngM, which is essential in the biosynthesis of anguibactin. The predicted AngM amino acid sequence shows regions of homology to the consensus sequence for the peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) and the condensation (C) domains of NRPSs, and curiously, these two domains are not associated with an adenylation (A) domain. Substitution by alanine of the serine 215 in the PCP domain and of histidine 406 in the C domain of AngM results in an anguibactin-deficient phenotype, underscoring the importance of these two domains in the function of this protein. The mutations in angM that affected anguibactin production also resulted in a dramatic attenuation of the virulence of V. anguillarum 775, highlighting the importance of this gene in the establishment of a septicemic infection in the vertebrate host. Transcription of the angM gene is initiated at an upstream transposase gene promoter that is repressed by the Fur protein in the presence of iron. Analysis of the sequence at this promoter showed that it overlaps the iron transport-biosynthesis promoter and operates in the opposite direction.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201. Phone: (503) 494-7583. Fax: (503) 494-7583. E-mail: crosajor{at}ohsu.edu.

Present address: Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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Journal of Bacteriology, November 2004, p. 7327-7336, Vol. 186, No. 21
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.21.7327-7336.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Stork, M., Di Lorenzo, M., Welch, T. J., Crosa, J. H. (2007). Transcription Termination within the Iron Transport-Biosynthesis Operon of Vibrio anguillarum Requires an Antisense RNA. J. Bacteriol. 189: 3479-3488 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Welch, T. J., Crosa, J. H. (2005). Novel Role of the Lipopolysaccharide O1 Side Chain in Ferric Siderophore Transport and Virulence of Vibrio anguillarum. Infect. Immun. 73: 5864-5872 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Alice, A. F., Lopez, C. S., Crosa, J. H. (2005). Plasmid- and Chromosome-Encoded Redundant and Specific Functions Are Involved in Biosynthesis of the Siderophore Anguibactin in Vibrio anguillarum 775: a Case of Chance and Necessity?. J. Bacteriol. 187: 2209-2214 [Abstract] [Full Text]