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Journal of Bacteriology, November 2004, p. 7499-7507, Vol. 186, No. 22
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.22.7499-7507.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Characteristics of Zinc Transport by Two Bacterial Cation Diffusion Facilitators from Ralstonia metallidurans CH34 and Escherichia coli

Andreas Anton,^1, Annett Weltrowski,^1, Christopher J. Haney,^2, Sylvia Franke,² Gregor Grass,¹ Christopher Rensing,² and Dietrich H. Nies^1*

Institut für Mikrobiologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany,¹ Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona²

Received 19 March 2004/ Accepted 23 July 2004

CzcD from Ralstonia metallidurans and ZitB from Escherichia coli are prototypes of bacterial members of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) protein family. Expression of the czcD gene in an E. coli mutant strain devoid of zitB and the gene for the zinc-transporting P-type ATPase zntA rendered this strain more zinc resistant and caused decreased accumulation of zinc. CzcD, purified as an amino-terminal streptavidin-tagged protein, bound Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Ni²⁺ but not Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, or Cd²⁺, as shown by metal affinity chromatography. Histidine residues were involved in the binding of 2 to 3 mol of Zn²⁺ per mol of CzcD. ZitB transported ⁶⁵Zn²⁺ in the presence of NADH into everted membrane vesicles with an apparent K_m of 1.4 µM and a V_max of 0.57 nmol of Zn²⁺ min^–1 mg of protein^–1. Conserved amino acyl residues that might be involved in binding and transport of zinc were mutated in CzcD and/or ZitB, and the influence on Zn²⁺ resistance was studied. Charged or polar amino acyl residues that were located within or adjacent to membrane-spanning regions of the proteins were essential for the full function of the proteins. Probably, these amino acyl residues constituted a pathway required for export of the heavy metal cations or for import of counter-flowing protons.

A.A., A.W., and C.J.H. contributed equally to this study.

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