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Journal of Bacteriology, December 2004, p. 8181-8192, Vol. 186, No. 24
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.24.8181-8192.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Evolutionary Genetics of the Capsular Locus of Serogroup 6 Pneumococci

Angeliki Mavroidi,1 Daniel Godoy,1 David M. Aanensen,1 D. Ashley Robinson,2,{dagger} Susan K. Hollingshead,3 and Brian G. Spratt1*

Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London,1 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom,2 Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama3

Received 18 July 2004/ Accepted 6 September 2004

The evolution of the capsular biosynthetic (cps) locus of serogroup 6 Streptococcus pneumoniae was investigated by analyzing sequence variation within three serotype-specific cps genes from 102 serotype 6A and 6B isolates. Sequence variation within these cps genes was related to the genetic relatedness of the isolates, determined by multilocus sequence typing, and to the inferred patterns of recent evolutionary descent, explored using the eBURST algorithm. The serotype-specific cps genes had a low percent G+C, and there was a low level of sequence diversity in this region among serotype 6A and 6B isolates. There was also little sequence divergence between these serotypes, suggesting a single introduction of an ancestral cps sequence, followed by slight divergence to create serotypes 6A and 6B. A minority of serotype 6B isolates had cps sequences (class 2 sequences) that were ~5% divergent from those of other serotype 6B isolates (class 1 sequences) and which may have arisen by a second, more recent introduction from a related but distinct source. Expression of a serotype 6A or 6B capsule correlated perfectly with a single nonsynonymous polymorphism within wciP, the rhamnosyl transferase gene. In addition to ample evidence of the horizontal transfer of the serotype 6A and 6B cps locus into unrelated lineages, there was evidence for relatively frequent changes from serotype 6A to 6B, and vice versa, among very closely related isolates and examples of recent recombinational events between class 1 and 2 cps serogroup 6 sequences.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Room G22, Old Medical School Building, St. Mary's Hospital, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 20 7594 3629. Fax: 44 20 7594 3693. E-mail: b.spratt{at}imperial.ac.uk.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595.

Journal of Bacteriology, December 2004, p. 8181-8192, Vol. 186, No. 24
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.24.8181-8192.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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