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Journal of Bacteriology, March 2004, p. 1362-1373, Vol. 186, No. 5
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.5.1362-1373.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
In Silico and Transcriptional Analysis of Carbohydrate Uptake Systems of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)
Ralph Bertram,1 Maximilian Schlicht,1 Kerstin Mahr,1 Harald Nothaft,1 Milton H. Saier Jr.,2 and Fritz Titgemeyer1*
Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,1
Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-01162
Received 27 August 2003/
Accepted 21 November 2003
Streptomyces coelicolor is the prototype for the investigation of antibiotic-producing and differentiating actinomycetes. As soil bacteria, streptomycetes can metabolize a wide variety of carbon sources and are hence vested with various specific permeases. Their activity and regulation substantially determine the nutritional state of the cell and, therefore, influence morphogenesis and antibiotic production. We have surveyed the genome of S. coelicolor A3(2) to provide a thorough description of the carbohydrate uptake systems. Among 81 ATP-binding cassette (ABC) permeases that are present in the genome, we found 45 to encode a putative solute binding protein, an essential feature for carbohydrate permease function. Similarity analysis allowed the prediction of putative ABC systems for transport of cellobiose and cellotriose,
-glucosides, lactose, maltose, maltodextrins, ribose, sugar alcohols, xylose, and ß-xylosides. A novel putative bifunctional protein composed of a substrate binding and a membrane-spanning moiety is likely to account for ribose or ribonucleoside uptake. Glucose may be incorporated by a proton-driven symporter of the major facilitator superfamily while a putative sodium-dependent permease of the solute-sodium symporter family may mediate uptake of galactose and a facilitator protein of the major intrinsic protein family may internalize glycerol. Of the predicted gene clusters, reverse transcriptase PCRs showed active gene expression in 8 of 11 systems. Together with the previously surveyed permeases of the phosphotransferase system that accounts for the uptake of fructose and N-acetylglucosamine, the genome of S. coelicolor encodes at least 53 potential carbohydrate uptake systems.
* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Phone: 49-9131-8528084. Fax: 49-9131-8528082. E-mail: ftitgem{at}biologie.uni-erlangen.de.
Journal of Bacteriology, March 2004, p. 1362-1373, Vol. 186, No. 5
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.5.1362-1373.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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Copyright © 2004 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.