This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Geng, H. Articles by Nakano, M. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Geng, H. Articles by Nakano, M. M.

Transcriptional Activation by Bacillus subtilis ResD: Tandem Binding to Target Elements and Phosphorylation-Dependent and -Independent Transcriptional Activation

Department of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems, OGI School of Science & Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006

Received 13 October 2003/ Accepted 18 December 2003

The expression of genes involved in nitrate respiration in Bacillus subtilis is regulated by the ResD-ResE two-component signal transduction system. The membrane-bound ResE sensor kinase perceives a redox-related signal(s) and phosphorylates the cognate response regulator ResD, which enables interaction of ResD with ResD-dependent promoters to activate transcription. Hydroxyl radical footprinting analysis revealed that ResD tandemly binds to the -41 to -83 region of hmp and the -46 to -92 region of nasD. In vitro runoff transcription experiments showed that ResD is necessary and sufficient to activate transcription of the ResDE regulon. Although phosphorylation of ResD by ResE kinase greatly stimulated transcription, unphosphorylated ResD, as well as ResD with a phosphorylation site (Asp57) mutation, was able to activate transcription at a low level. The D57A mutant was shown to retain the activity in vivo to induce transcription of the ResDE regulon in response to oxygen limitation, suggesting that ResD itself, in addition to its activation through phosphorylation-mediated conformation change, senses oxygen limitation via an unknown mechanism leading to anaerobic gene activation.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• McKenzie, N. L., Nodwell, J. R. (2007). Phosphorylated AbsA2 Negatively Regulates Antibiotic Production in Streptomyces coelicolor through Interactions with Pathway-Specific Regulatory Gene Promoters. J. Bacteriol. 189: 5284-5292 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Puri-Taneja, A., Schau, M., Chen, Y., Hulett, F. M. (2007). Regulators of the Bacillus subtilis cydABCD Operon: Identification of a Negative Regulator, CcpA, and a Positive Regulator, ResD. J. Bacteriol. 189: 3348-3358 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Geng, H., Zhu, Y., Mullen, K., Zuber, C. S., Nakano, M. M. (2007). Characterization of ResDE-Dependent fnr Transcription in Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 189: 1745-1755 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gyan, S., Shiohira, Y., Sato, I., Takeuchi, M., Sato, T. (2006). Regulatory Loop between Redox Sensing of the NADH/NAD+ Ratio by Rex (YdiH) and Oxidation of NADH by NADH Dehydrogenase Ndh in Bacillus subtilis.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 7062-7071 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nakano, M. M., Geng, H., Nakano, S., Kobayashi, K. (2006). The Nitric Oxide-Responsive Regulator NsrR Controls ResDE-Dependent Gene Expression.. J. Bacteriol. 188: 5878-5887 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Larsson, J. T., Rogstam, A., von Wachenfeldt, C. (2005). Coordinated patterns of cytochrome bd and lactate dehydrogenase expression in Bacillus subtilis. Microbiology 151: 3323-3335 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Abdel-Fattah, W. R., Chen, Y., Eldakak, A., Hulett, F. M. (2005). Bacillus subtilis Phosphorylated PhoP: Direct Activation of the E{sigma}A- and Repression of the E{sigma}E-Responsive phoB-PS+V Promoters during Pho Response. J. Bacteriol. 187: 5166-5178 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hartig, E., Geng, H., Hartmann, A., Hubacek, A., Munch, R., Ye, R. W., Jahn, D., Nakano, M. M. (2004). Bacillus subtilis ResD Induces Expression of the Potential Regulatory Genes yclJK upon Oxygen Limitation. J. Bacteriol. 186: 6477-6484 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shimane, K., Ogura, M. (2004). Mutational Analysis of the Helix-Turn-Helix Region of Bacillus subtilis Response Regulator DegU, and Identification of cis-Acting Sequences for DegU in the aprE and comK Promoters. J Biochem 136: 387-397 [Abstract] [Full Text]