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Journal of Bacteriology, May 2004, p. 2781-2788, Vol. 186, No. 9
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.9.2781-2788.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Physiologic and Proteomic Evidence for a Role of Nitric Oxide in Biofilm Formation by Nitrosomonas europaea and Other Ammonia Oxidizers

Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth,¹ University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany,³ Department of Microbiology, University of Nijmegen, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands²

Received 13 November 2003/ Accepted 22 January 2004

NO, a free radical gas, is the signal for Nitrosomonas europaea cells to switch between different growth modes. At an NO concentration of more than 30 ppm, biofilm formation by N. europaea was induced. NO concentrations below 5 ppm led to a reversal of the biofilm formation, and the numbers of motile and planktonic (motile-planktonic) cells increased. In a proteomics approach, the proteins expressed by N. europaea were identified. Comparison studies of the protein patterns of motile-planktonic and attached (biofilm) cells revealed several clear differences. Eleven proteins were found to be up or down regulated. Concentrations of other compounds such as ammonium, nitrite, and oxygen as well as different temperatures and pH values had no significant effect on the growth mode of and the proteins expressed by N. europaea.

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