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Phenotypic Convergence Mediated by GGDEF-Domain-Containing Proteins

Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden,¹ Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298²

Received 9 March 2005/ Accepted 19 July 2005

GGDEF domain-containing proteins have been implicated in bacterial signal transduction and synthesis of the second messenger molecule cyclic-di-GMP. A number of GGDEF proteins are involved in controlling the formation of extracellular matrices. AdrA (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium) and HmsT (Yersinia pestis) contain GGDEF domains and are required for extracellular cellulose production and biofilm formation, respectively. Here we show that hmsT is able to restore cellulose synthesis to a Salmonella serovar Typhimurium adrA mutant and that adrA can replace hmsT in Y. pestis Hms-dependent biofilm formation. Like Y. pestis HmsT overproducers, Y. pestis cells carrying adrA under the control of an arabinose-inducible promoter produced substantial biofilms in the presence of arabinose. Finally, we demonstrate that HmsT is involved in the synthesis of cyclic di-GMP.

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