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Journal of Bacteriology, February 2005, p. 1091-1104, Vol. 187, No. 3
0021-9193/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.187.3.1091-1104.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Generalized Transducing Salmonella Bacteriophage ES18: Complete Genome Sequence and DNA Packaging Strategy

Sherwood R. Casjens,1,2* Eddie B. Gilcrease,1 Danella A. Winn-Stapley,1,{dagger} Petra Schicklmaier,3,{ddagger} Horst Schmieger,3 Marisa L. Pedulla,2,4 Michael E. Ford,2,4 Jennifer M. Houtz,2,4 Graham F. Hatfull,2,4 and Roger W. Hendrix2,4

Department of Pathology, University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, Utah,1 Department of Biological Sciences,4 Pittsburgh Bacteriophage Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,2 Institut für Genetik und Mikrobiologie, Universität München, Munich, Germany3

Received 1 September 2004/ Accepted 3 November 2004

The generalized transducing double-stranded DNA bacteriophage ES18 has an icosahedral head and a long noncontractile tail, and it infects both rough and smooth Salmonella enterica strains. We report here the complete 46,900-bp genome nucleotide sequence and provide an analysis of the sequence. Its 79 genes and their organization clearly show that ES18 is a member of the lambda-like (lambdoid) phage group; however, it contains a novel set of genes that program assembly of the virion head. Most of its integration-excision, immunity, Nin region, and lysis genes are nearly identical to those of the short-tailed Salmonella phage P22, while other early genes are nearly identical to Escherichia coli phages {lambda} and HK97, S. enterica phage ST64T, or a Shigella flexneri prophage. Some of the ES18 late genes are novel, while others are most closely related to phages HK97, lambda, or N15. Thus, the ES18 genome is mosaically related to other lambdoid phages, as is typical for all group members. Analysis of virion DNA showed that it is circularly permuted and about 10% terminally redundant and that initiation of DNA packaging series occurs across an approximately 1-kbp region rather than at a precise location on the genome. This supports a model in which ES18 terminase can move substantial distances along the DNA between recognition and cleavage of DNA destined to be packaged. Bioinformatic analysis of large terminase subunits shows that the different functional classes of phage-encoded terminases can usually be predicted from their amino acid sequence.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathology, University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, UT 84132. Phone: (801) 581-5980. Fax: (801) 581-3607. E-mail: sherwood.casjens{at}path.utah.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Biology Department, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139.

{ddagger} Present address: Biogen Idec GmbH, D-85737 Ismaning, Germany.

Journal of Bacteriology, February 2005, p. 1091-1104, Vol. 187, No. 3
0021-9193/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.187.3.1091-1104.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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