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Journal of Bacteriology, March 2005, p. 2010-2019, Vol. 187, No. 6
0021-9193/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.187.6.2010-2019.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Rok Protein of Bacillus subtilis Represses Genes for Cell Surface and Extracellular Functions

Mark Albano,1 Wiep Klaas Smits,2 Linh T. Y. Ho,1 Barbara Kraigher,3 Ines Mandic-Mulec,3 Oscar P. Kuipers,2 and David Dubnau1*

The Public Health Research Institute, Newark, New Jersey,1 Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands,2 Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia3

Received 19 October 2004/ Accepted 1 December 2004

Rok is a repressor of the transcriptional activator ComK and is therefore an important regulator of competence in Bacillus subtilis (T. T. Hoa, P. Tortosa, M. Albano, and D. Dubnau, Mol. Microbiol. 43:15-26, 2002). To address the wider role of Rok in the physiology of B. subtilis, we have used a combination of transcriptional profiling, gel shift experiments, and the analysis of lacZ fusions. We demonstrate that Rok is a repressor of a family of genes that specify membrane-localized and secreted proteins, including a number of genes that encode products with antibiotic activity. We present evidence for the recent introduction of rok into the B. subtilis-Bacillus licheniformis-Bacilllus amyloliquefaciens group by horizontal transmission.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Public Health Research Institute, 225 Warren St., Newark, NJ 07103. Phone: (973) 854-3400. Fax: (973) 854-3401. E-mail: dubnau{at}phri.org.

Journal of Bacteriology, March 2005, p. 2010-2019, Vol. 187, No. 6
0021-9193/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.187.6.2010-2019.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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