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Journal of Bacteriology, April 2005, p. 2357-2367, Vol. 187, No. 7
0021-9193/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.187.7.2357-2367.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Evidence that the Essential Response Regulator YycF in Streptococcus pneumoniae Modulates Expression of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Genes and Alters Membrane Composition{dagger}

M. Luz Mohedano,1,{ddagger} Karin Overweg,2,{ddagger} Alicia de la Fuente,1 Mark Reuter,2 Silvia Altabe,3 Francis Mulholland,2 Diego de Mendoza,3 Paloma López,1* and Jerry M. Wells2

Departamento de Estructura y Función de Proteínas, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain,1 Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom,2 Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario and Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina3

Received 15 October 2004/ Accepted 14 December 2004

The YycFG two-component system, originally identified in Bacillus subtilis, is highly conserved among gram-positive bacteria with low G+C contents. In Streptococcus pneumoniae, the YycF response regulator has been reported to be essential for cell growth, but the signal to which it responds and the gene members of the regulon remain unclear. In order to investigate the role of YycFG in S. pneumoniae, we increased the expression of yycF by using a maltose-inducible vector and analyzed the genome-wide effects on transcription and protein expression during the course of yycF expression. The induction of yycF expression increased histidine kinase yycG transcript levels, suggesting an autoregulation of the yycFG operon. Evidence from both proteomic and microarray transcriptome studies as well as analyses of membrane fatty acid composition indicated that YycFG is involved in the regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis pathways and in determining fatty acid chain lengths in membrane lipids. In agreement with recent transcriptome data on pneumococcal cells depleted of YycFG, we also identified several other potential members of the YycFG regulon that are required for virulence and cell wall biosynthesis and metabolism.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Phone: (34) 918373112, ext. 4202. Fax: (34) 915360432. E-mail: plg{at}cib.csic.es.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jb.asm.org/.

{ddagger} M.L.M. and K.O. contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Bacteriology, April 2005, p. 2357-2367, Vol. 187, No. 7
0021-9193/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.187.7.2357-2367.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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