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Journal of Bacteriology, October 2006, p. 7242-7256, Vol. 188, No. 20
0021-9193/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00837-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Survival and Growth in the Presence of Elevated Copper: Transcriptional Profiling of Copper-Stressed Pseudomonas aeruginosa{dagger}

Gail M. Teitzel,1 Ashley Geddie,2 Susan K. De Long,3 Mary Jo Kirisits,3 Marvin Whiteley,2 and Matthew R. Parsek4*

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208,1 Department of Periodontics, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104,2 Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712,3 Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, 500 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 522424

Received 12 June 2006/ Accepted 27 July 2006

Transcriptional profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to two separate copper stress conditions were determined. Actively growing bacteria subjected to a pulse of elevated copper for a short period of time was defined as a "copper-shocked" culture. Conversely, copper-adapted populations were defined as cells actively growing in the presence of elevated copper. Expression of 405 genes changed in the copper-shocked culture, compared to 331 genes for the copper-adapted cultures. Not surprisingly, there were genes identified in common to both conditions. For example, both stress conditions resulted in up-regulation of genes encoding several active transport functions. However, there were some interesting differences between the two types of stress. Only copper-adapted cells significantly altered expression of passive transport functions, down-regulating expression of several porins belonging to the OprD family. Copper shock produced expression profiles suggestive of an oxidative stress response, probably due to the participation of copper in Fenton-like chemistry. Copper-adapted populations did not show such a response. Transcriptional profiles also indicated that iron acquisition is fine-tuned in the presence of copper. Several genes induced under iron-limiting conditions, such as the siderophore pyoverdine, were up-regulated in copper-adapted populations. Interesting exceptions were the genes involved in the production of the siderophore pyochelin, which were down-regulated. Analysis of the copper sensitivity of select mutant strains confirmed the array data. These studies suggest that two resistance nodulation division efflux systems, a P-type ATPase, and a two-component regulator were particularly important for copper tolerance in P. aeruginosa.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Box 357242, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195-7242. Phone: (206) 221-7871. Fax: (206) 543-8297. E-mail: parsem{at}u.washngton.edu.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jb.asm.org/.

Journal of Bacteriology, October 2006, p. 7242-7256, Vol. 188, No. 20
0021-9193/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00837-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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