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The Genome Sequence of Mannheimia haemolytica A1: Insights into Virulence, Natural Competence, and Pasteurellaceae Phylogeny

Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology,¹ Department of Molecular and Human Genetics,² Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,³ Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas,⁴ Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada,⁵ Department of Veterinary Pathology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma,⁶ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,⁷ Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., DuPont Agriculture and Nutrition, Johnston, Iowa⁸

Received 11 May 2006/ Accepted 24 July 2006

The draft genome sequence of Mannheimia haemolytica A1, the causative agent of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), is presented. Strain ATCC BAA-410, isolated from the lung of a calf with BRDC, was the DNA source. The annotated genome includes 2,839 coding sequences, 1,966 of which were assigned a function and 436 of which are unique to M. haemolytica. Through genome annotation many features of interest were identified, including bacteriophages and genes related to virulence, natural competence, and transcriptional regulation. In addition to previously described virulence factors, M. haemolytica encodes adhesins, including the filamentous hemagglutinin FhaB and two trimeric autotransporter adhesins. Two dual-function immunoglobulin-protease/adhesins are also present, as is a third immunoglobulin protease. Genes related to iron acquisition and drug resistance were identified and are likely important for survival in the host and virulence. Analysis of the genome indicates that M. haemolytica is naturally competent, as genes for natural competence and DNA uptake signal sequences (USS) are present. Comparison of competence loci and USS in other species in the family Pasteurellaceae indicates that M. haemolytica, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Haemophilus ducreyi form a lineage distinct from other Pasteurellaceae. This observation was supported by a phylogenetic analysis using sequences of predicted housekeeping genes.

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