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Journal of Bacteriology, November 2006, p. 7449-7456, Vol. 188, No. 21
0021-9193/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00975-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Escherichia coli K-12 NarL and NarP Proteins Insulate the nrf Promoter from the Effects of Integration Host Factor{triangledown}

Douglas F. Browning,1* David J. Lee,1 Alan J. Wolfe,2 Jeffrey A. Cole,1 and Stephen J. W. Busby1

School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom,1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 601532

Received 5 July 2006/ Accepted 16 August 2006

The Escherichia coli K-12 nrf operon promoter can be activated fully by the FNR protein (regulator of fumarate and nitrate reduction) binding to a site centered at position –41.5. FNR-dependent transcription is suppressed by integration host factor (IHF) binding at position –54, and this suppression is counteracted by binding of the NarL or NarP response regulator at position –74.5. The E. coli acs gene is transcribed from a divergent promoter upstream from the nrf operon promoter. Transcription from the major acsP2 promoter is dependent on the cyclic AMP receptor protein and is modulated by IHF and Fis binding at multiple sites. We show that IHF binding to one of these sites, located at position –127 with respect to the nrf promoter, has a positive effect on nrf promoter activity. This activation is dependent on the face of the DNA helix, independent of IHF binding at other locations, and found only when NarL/NarP are not bound at position –74.5. Binding of NarL/NarP appears to insulate the nrf promoter from the effects of IHF. The acs-nrf regulatory region is conserved in other pathogenic E. coli strains and related enteric bacteria but differs in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. Phone: 44-121-414-5434. Fax: 44-121-414-5925. E-mail: D.F.Browning{at}bham.ac.uk.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 25 August 2006.

Journal of Bacteriology, November 2006, p. 7449-7456, Vol. 188, No. 21
0021-9193/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00975-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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