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Journal of Bacteriology, November 2006, p. 7966-7970, Vol. 188, No. 22
0021-9193/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01266-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Crl Facilitates RNA Polymerase Holoenzyme Formation{triangledown}

Tamas Gaal,1 Mark J. Mandel,2,{dagger} Thomas J. Silhavy,2 and Richard L. Gourse1*

Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,1 Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 085442

Received 10 August 2006/ Accepted 1 September 2006

The Escherichia coli Crl protein has been described as a transcriptional coactivator for the stationary-phase sigma factor {sigma}S. In a transcription system with highly purified components, we demonstrate that Crl affects transcription not only by the E{sigma}S RNA polymerase holoenzyme but also by E{sigma}70 and E{sigma}32. Crl increased transcription dramatically but only when the {sigma} concentration was low and when Crl was added to {sigma} prior to assembly with the core enzyme. Our results suggest that Crl facilitates holoenzyme formation, the first positive regulator identified with this mechanism of action.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 420 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706. Phone: (608) 262-9813. Fax: (608) 262-9865. E-mail: rgourse{at}bact.wisc.edu.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 15 September 2006.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wis.

Journal of Bacteriology, November 2006, p. 7966-7970, Vol. 188, No. 22
0021-9193/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01266-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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