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Journal of Bacteriology, December 2006, p. 8307-8312, Vol. 188, No. 23
0021-9193/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00850-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

BOX Elements Modulate Gene Expression in Streptococcus pneumoniae: Impact on the Fine-Tuning of Competence Development{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Eivind Knutsen,1 Ola Johnsborg,1 Yves Quentin,2 Jean-Pierre Claverys,2 and Leiv Sigve Håvarstein1*

Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway,1 Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Génétique Moléculaires, UMR 5100 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France2

Received 14 June 2006/ Accepted 14 August 2006

More than 100 BOX elements are randomly distributed in intergenic regions of the pneumococcal genome. Here we demonstrate that these elements can affect expression of neighboring genes and present evidence that they are mobile. Together, our findings show that BOX elements enhance genetic diversity and genomic plasticity in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway. Phone: 47-64965883. Fax: 47-64965901. E-mail: sigve.havarstein{at}umb.no.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 22 September.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jb.asm.org/.

Journal of Bacteriology, December 2006, p. 8307-8312, Vol. 188, No. 23
0021-9193/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00850-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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