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Journal of Bacteriology, April 2006, p. 2666-2673, Vol. 188, No. 7
0021-9193/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.188.7.2666-2673.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Genes and Enzymes Involved in Caffeic Acid Biosynthesis in the Actinomycete Saccharothrix espanaensis

Martin Berner,1 Daniel Krug,2 Corina Bihlmaier,1 Andreas Vente,3 Rolf Müller,2 and Andreas Bechthold1*

Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau, Stefan-Meier-Straße 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany,1 Institut für Pharmazeutische Biotechnologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Postfach 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany,2 Combinature Biopharm AG, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany3

Received 29 November 2005/ Accepted 17 January 2006

The saccharomicins A and B, produced by the actinomycete Saccharothrix espanaensis, are oligosaccharide antibiotics. They consist of 17 monosaccharide units and the unique aglycon N-(m,p-dihydroxycinnamoyl)taurine. To investigate candidate genes responsible for the formation of trans-m,p-dihydroxycinnamic acid (caffeic acid) as part of the saccharomicin aglycon, gene expression experiments were carried out in Streptomyces fradiae XKS. It is shown that the biosynthetic pathway for trans-caffeic acid proceeds from L-tyrosine via trans-p-coumaric acid directly to trans-caffeic acid, since heterologous expression of sam8, encoding a tyrosine ammonia-lyase, led to the production of trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (coumaric acid), and coexpression of sam8 and sam5, the latter encoding a 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase, led to the production of trans-m,p-dihydroxycinnamic acid. This is not in accordance with the general phenylpropanoid pathway in plants, where trans-p-coumaric acid is first activated before the 3-hydroxylation of its ring takes place.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau, Stefan-Meier-Straße 19 (VF), 79104 Freiburg, Germany. Phone: 49 (0)761 203-8371. Fax: 49 (0)761 203-8383. E-mail: andreas.bechthold{at}pharmazie.uni-freiburg.de.

Journal of Bacteriology, April 2006, p. 2666-2673, Vol. 188, No. 7
0021-9193/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.188.7.2666-2673.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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