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Journal of Bacteriology, January 2007, p. 198-206, Vol. 189, No. 1
0021-9193/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01034-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Chlamydial Type III Secretion System Is Encoded on Ten Operons Preceded by Sigma 70-Like Promoter Elements{triangledown} ,{dagger}

P. Scott Hefty{ddagger} and Richard S. Stephens*

Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720

Received 13 July 2006/ Accepted 11 October 2006

Many gram-negative bacterial pathogens employ type III secretion systems for infectious processes. Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that encode a conserved type III secretion system that is likely requisite for growth. Typically, genes encoding type III secretion systems are located in a single locus; however, for chlamydiae these genes are scattered throughout the genome. Little is known regarding the gene regulatory mechanisms for this essential virulence determinant. To facilitate identification of cis-acting transcriptional regulatory elements, the operon structure was determined. This analysis revealed 10 operons that contained 37 genes associated with the type III secretion system. Linkage within these operons suggests a role in type III secretion for each of these genes, including 13 genes encoding proteins with unknown function. The transcriptional start site for each operon was determined. In conjunction with promoter activity assays, this analysis revealed that the type III secretion system operons encode {sigma}70-like promoter elements. Transcriptional initiation by a sigma factor responsible for constitutive gene expression indicates that undefined activators or repressors regulate developmental stage-specific expression of chlamydial type III secretion system genes.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, 140 Earl Warren Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720. Phone: (510) 643-9900. Fax: (510) 643-1537. E-mail: RSS{at}berkeley.edu.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 20 October 2006.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jb.asm.org/.

{ddagger} Current address: Division of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045.

Journal of Bacteriology, January 2007, p. 198-206, Vol. 189, No. 1
0021-9193/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01034-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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