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Journal of Bacteriology, January 2007, p. 437-445, Vol. 189, No. 2
0021-9193/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01109-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Borrelia burgdorferi Alters Its Gene Expression and Antigenic Profile in Response to CO2 Levels{triangledown}

Jenny A. Hyde,1 Jerome P. Trzeciakowski,2 and Jonathan T. Skare1*

Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis,1 Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843-11142

Received 25 July 2006/ Accepted 30 October 2006

The etiologic agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, must adapt to the distinct environments of its arthropod vector and mammalian host during its complex life cycle. B. burgdorferi alters gene expression and protein synthesis in response to temperature, pH, and other uncharacterized environmental factors. The hypothesis tested in this study is that dissolved gases, including CO2, serve as a signal for B. burgdorferi to alter protein production and gene expression. In this study we focused on characterization of in vitro anaerobic (5% CO2, 3% H2, 0.087 ppm O2) and microaerophilic (1% CO2, 3.48 ppm O2) growth conditions and how they modulate protein synthesis and gene expression in B. burgdorferi. Higher levels of several immunoreactive proteins, including BosR, NapA, DbpA, OspC, BBK32, and RpoS, were synthesized under anaerobic conditions. Previous studies demonstrated that lower levels of NapA were produced when microaerophilic cultures were purged with nitrogen gas to displace oxygen and CO2. In this study we identified CO2 as a factor contributing to the observed change in NapA synthesis. Specifically, a reduction in the level of dissolved CO2, independent of O2 levels, resulted in reduced NapA synthesis. BosR, DbpA, OspC, and RpoS synthesis was also decreased with the displacement of CO2. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR indicated that the levels of the dbpA, ospC, and BBK32 transcripts are increased in the presence of CO2, indicating that these putative borrelial virulence determinants are regulated at the transcriptional level. Thus, dissolved CO2 may be an additional cue for borrelial host adaptation and gene regulation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 407 Reynolds Medical Building, Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114. Phone: (979) 845-1376. Fax: (979) 845-3479. E-mail: jskare{at}medicine.tamhsc.edu.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 10 November 2006.

Journal of Bacteriology, January 2007, p. 437-445, Vol. 189, No. 2
0021-9193/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01109-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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