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Journal of Bacteriology, December 2007, p. 8660-8666, Vol. 189, No. 23
0021-9193/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01212-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Dynamics of Escherichia coli Chromosome Segregation during Multifork Replication{triangledown}

Henrik J. Nielsen,1 Brenda Youngren,1 Flemming G. Hansen,2 and Stuart Austin1*

Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, CCR, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201,1 Microbial Genomics Group, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark2

Received 27 July 2007/ Accepted 18 September 2007

Slowly growing Escherichia coli cells have a simple cell cycle, with replication and progressive segregation of the chromosome completed before cell division. In rapidly growing cells, initiation of replication occurs before the previous replication rounds are complete. At cell division, the chromosomes contain multiple replication forks and must be segregated while this complex pattern of replication is still ongoing. Here, we show that replication and segregation continue in step, starting at the origin and progressing to the replication terminus. Thus, early-replicated markers on the multiple-branched chromosomes continue to separate soon after replication to form separate protonucleoids, even though they are not segregated into different daughter cells until later generations. The segregation pattern follows the pattern of chromosome replication and does not follow the cell division cycle. No extensive cohesion of sister DNA regions was seen at any growth rate. We conclude that segregation is driven by the progression of the replication forks.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Gene Regulation and Chromosome Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, CCR, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702-1201. Phone: (301) 846-1266. Fax: (301) 846-6988. E-mail: austin{at}ncifcrf.gov

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 28 September 2007.

Journal of Bacteriology, December 2007, p. 8660-8666, Vol. 189, No. 23
0021-9193/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01212-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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