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Journal of Bacteriology, February 2007, p. 717-729, Vol. 189, No. 3
0021-9193/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00834-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Regulation of Vibrio Polysaccharide Synthesis and Virulence Factor Production by CdgC, a GGDEF-EAL Domain Protein, in Vibrio cholerae{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Bentley Lim, Sinem Beyhan, and Fitnat H. Yildiz*

Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064

Received 12 June 2006/ Accepted 13 November 2006

In Vibrio cholerae, the second messenger 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) regulates several cellular processes, such as formation of corrugated colony morphology, biofilm formation, motility, and virulence factor production. Both synthesis and degradation of c-di-GMP in the cell are modulated by proteins containing GGDEF and/or EAL domains, which function as a diguanylate cyclase and a phosphodiesterase, respectively. The expression of two genes, cdgC and mbaA, which encode proteins harboring both GGDEF and EAL domains is higher in the rugose phase variant of V. cholerae than in the smooth variant. In this study, we carried out gene expression analysis to determine the genes regulated by CdgC in the rugose and smooth phase variants of V. cholerae. We determined that CdgC regulates expression of genes required for V. cholerae polysaccharide synthesis and of the transcriptional regulator genes vpsR, vpsT, and hapR. CdgC also regulates expression of genes involved in extracellular protein secretion, flagellar biosynthesis, and virulence factor production. We then compared the genes regulated by CdgC and by MbaA, during both exponential and stationary phases of growth, to elucidate processes regulated by them. Identification of the regulons of CdgC and MbaA revealed that the regulons overlap, but the timing of regulation exerted by CdgC and MbaA is different, suggesting the interplay and complexity of the c-di-GMP signal transduction pathways operating in V. cholerae.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064. Phone: (831) 459-1588. Fax: (831) 459-3524. E-mail: yildiz{at}etox.ucsc.edu.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 22 November 2006.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jb.asm.org/.

Journal of Bacteriology, February 2007, p. 717-729, Vol. 189, No. 3
0021-9193/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00834-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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