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Journal of Bacteriology, March 2007, p. 1664-1674, Vol. 189, No. 5
0021-9193/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01192-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

A Gene Cluster Involved in Degradation of Substituted Salicylates via ortho Cleavage in Pseudomonas sp. Strain MT1 Encodes Enzymes Specifically Adapted for Transformation of 4-Methylcatechol and 3-Methylmuconate{triangledown}

Beatriz Cámara, Piotr Bielecki, Filip Kaminski, Vitor Martins dos Santos, Iris Plumeier, Patricia Nikodem,{dagger} and Dietmar H. Pieper*

Division of Microbiology, HZI—Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany

Received 1 August 2006/ Accepted 5 December 2006

Pseudomonas sp. strain MT1 has recently been reported to degrade 4- and 5-chlorosalicylate by a pathway assumed to consist of a patchwork of reactions comprising enzymes of the 3-oxoadipate pathway. Genes encoding the initial steps in the degradation of salicylate and substituted derivatives were now localized and sequenced. One of the gene clusters characterized (sal) showed a novel gene arrangement, with salA, encoding a salicylate 1-hydroxylase, being clustered with salCD genes, encoding muconate cycloisomerase and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, respectively, and was expressed during growth on salicylate and chlorosalicylate. A second gene cluster (cat), exhibiting the typical catRBCA arrangement of genes of the catechol branch of the 3-oxoadipate pathway in Pseudomonas strains, was expressed during growth on salicylate. Despite their high sequence similarities with isoenzymes encoded by the cat gene cluster, the catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and muconate cycloisomerase encoded by the sal cluster showed unusual kinetic properties. Enzymes were adapted for turnover of 4-chlorocatechol and 3-chloromuconate; however, 4-methylcatechol and 3-methylmuconate were identified as the preferred substrates. Investigation of the substrate spectrum identified 4- and 5-methylsalicylate as growth substrates, which were effectively converted by enzymes of the sal cluster into 4-methylmuconolactone, followed by isomerization to 3-methylmuconolactone. The function of the sal gene cluster is therefore to channel both chlorosubstituted and methylsubstituted salicylates into a catechol ortho cleavage pathway, followed by dismantling of the formed substituted muconolactones through specific pathways.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Bereich Mikrobiologie, AG Biodegradation, HZI—Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany. Phone: 49 531 6181 4200. Fax: 49 531 6181 4499. E-mail: dpi{at}helmholtz-hzi.de.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 15 December 2006.

{dagger} Present address: Novo Nordisk A/S, Hallas Allé, DK-4400 Kalundborg, Denmark.

Journal of Bacteriology, March 2007, p. 1664-1674, Vol. 189, No. 5
0021-9193/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01192-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Marin, M., Heinz, D. W., Pieper, D. H., Klink, B. U. (2009). Crystal Structure and Catalytic Mechanism of 4-Methylmuconolactone Methylisomerase. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 32709-32716 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Camara, B., Nikodem, P., Bielecki, P., Bobadilla, R., Junca, H., Pieper, D. H. (2009). Characterization of a Gene Cluster Involved in 4-Chlorocatechol Degradation by Pseudomonas reinekei MT1. J. Bacteriol. 191: 4905-4915 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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