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Journal of Bacteriology, April 2008, p. 3083-3087, Vol. 190, No. 8
0021-9193/08/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/JB.01448-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Str. 1, D-24103 Kiel, Germany
Received 7 September 2007/ Accepted 1 February 2008
Using Streptococcus thermophilus phages, plasmid transduction in Lactococcus lactis was demonstrated. The transduction frequencies were 4 orders of magnitude lower in L. lactis than in S. thermophilus. These results are the first evidence that there is phage-mediated direct transfer of DNA from S. thermophilus to L. lactis. The implications of these results for phage evolution are discussed.
Published ahead of print on 8 February 2008.
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