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Journal of Bacteriology, April 2009, p. 2703-2710, Vol. 191, No. 8
0021-9193/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01566-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Identification and Characterization of Catabolic para-Nitrophenol 4-Monooxygenase and para-Benzoquinone Reductase from Pseudomonas sp. Strain WBC-3{triangledown}

Jun-Jie Zhang, Hong Liu, Yi Xiao, Xian-En Zhang, and Ning-Yi Zhou*

State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China

Received 4 November 2008/ Accepted 3 February 2009

Pseudomonas sp. strain WBC-3 utilizes para-nitrophenol (PNP) as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. In order to identify the genes involved in this utilization, we cloned and sequenced a 12.7-kb fragment containing a conserved region of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase genes. Of the products of the 13 open reading frames deduced from this fragment, PnpA shares 24% identity to the large component of a 3-hydroxyphenylacetate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas putida U and PnpB is 58% identical to an NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase from Escherichia coli. Both PnpA and PnpB were purified to homogeneity as His-tagged proteins, and they were considered to be a monomer and a dimer, respectively, as determined by gel filtration. PnpA is a flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent single-component PNP 4-monooxygenase that converts PNP to para-benzoquinone in the presence of NADPH. PnpB is a flavin mononucleotide-and NADPH-dependent p-benzoquinone reductase that catalyzes the reduction of p-benzoquinone to hydroquinone. PnpB could enhance PnpA activity, and genetic analyses indicated that both pnpA and pnpB play essential roles in PNP mineralization in strain WBC-3. Furthermore, the pnpCDEF gene cluster next to pnpAB shares significant similarities with and has the same organization as a gene cluster responsible for hydroquinone degradation (hapCDEF) in Pseudomonas fluorescens ACB (M. J. Moonen, N. M. Kamerbeek, A. H. Westphal, S. A. Boeren, D. B. Janssen, M. W. Fraaije, and W. J. van Berkel, J. Bacteriol. 190:5190-5198, 2008), suggesting that the genes involved in PNP degradation are physically linked.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China. Phone and fax: 86-27-87197655. E-mail: n.zhou{at}pentium.whiov.ac.cn

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 13 February 2009.

Journal of Bacteriology, April 2009, p. 2703-2710, Vol. 191, No. 8
0021-9193/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01566-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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