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J Bacteriol. 1962 March; 83(3): 649-662
Copyright © 1962, The Williams & Wilkins Company. All Rights Reserved.

EFFECT OF ENDOTOXIN ON CELLS AND ON THEIR RESPONSE TO INFECTION BY POLIOVIRUSES¹

^a Department of Bacteriology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

ABSTRACT

MURPHY, W. H. (The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) AND C. WISNER. Effect of endotoxin on cells and on their response to infection by polioviruses. J. Bacteriol. 83:649–662. 1962.—The effect of lipopolysaccharide on HeLa-S3, HeLa-Gey, Chang-liver, Maben, and L strain mouse fibroblasts was studied. The liminal dose of endotoxin for the human epithelial cell strains was approximately 250 µg/ml, and their order of sensitivity to endotoxin was: Chang-liver, HeLa-Gey, HeLa-S3, and Maben, the latter being the most resistant. Endotoxin at concentrations exceeding 100 µg/ml was cytotoxic to the L strain of mouse fibroblasts and caused them to markedly agglutinate. Cytotoxic response of cells to endotoxin was not characterized by cell lysis, but by distinctive nuclear changes. In an attempt to demonstrate the metabolic induction of the latent infection of cell cultures by a noncytopathic variant of poliovirus, endotoxin was added at maximal subliminal concentration to cell cultures totally, partially, or fully susceptible to virus. Endotoxin caused a slight but consistent accelerative cytopathic response of cells to infection by cytopathic poliovirus, but failed to induce cytopathic response to infection by submoderate (noncytopathic) poliovirus. Although endotoxin slightly suppressed yields of poliovirus from cells, it did not affect the plating efficiency of virus on cell monolayers.

¹ Portions of these studies were taken from a thesis submitted by Carolyn Wisner to the University of Michigan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.S. degree.