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J Bacteriol. 1972 December; 112(3): 1043-1051
Copyright © 1972 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of a Lipoate-Degrading Pseudomonad and of a Lipoate Catabolite

¹ Graduate School of Nutrition and Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850

ABSTRACT

A strain of bacteria that can degrade lipoic acid was isolated from soil. The bacterium, adapted to use 0.4% dl-lipoate as the sole organic substrate to supply carbon, sulfur, and energy, was identified morphologically and physiologically as a strain of Pseudomonas putida. Degradation of 1,6-¹⁴C-lipoic acid, synthesized from 1,6-¹⁴C-adipic acid, was evidenced by: (i) loss of approximately 50% of the total radioactivity from the medium after bacterial growth; (ii) appearance of ¹⁴C-degradation products upon paper and thin-layer chromatography of the culture medium; and (iii) oxygraphically measured utilization of O₂ by cells in the presence of lipoate or other oxidizable substrates. Analyses of the benzene extract of culture medium by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry, and by gas-liquid chromatography after desulfuration, have characterized bisnorlipoic acid, or 4,6-dithiohexanoic acid, as the major catabolite present in the medium. ß-Oxidation of the side chain is thus proven to be a pathway employed by the pseudomonad to degrade lipoic acid.

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