This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Nichols, N. N.
Right arrow Articles by Harwood, C. S.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Nichols, N. N.
Right arrow Articles by Harwood, C. S.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

J. Bacteriol., 08 1997, 5056-5061, Vol 179, No. 16
Copyright © 1997, American Society for Microbiology

PcaK, a high-affinity permease for the aromatic compounds 4- hydroxybenzoate and protocatechuate from Pseudomonas putida

NN Nichols and CS Harwood
Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.

PcaK is a transporter and chemoreceptor protein from Pseudomonas putida that is encoded as part of the beta-ketoadipate pathway regulon for aromatic acid degradation. When expressed in Escherichia coli, PcaK was localized to the membrane and catalyzed the accumulation of two aromatic substrates, 4-hydroxybenzoate and protocatechuate, against a concentration gradient. Benzoate inhibited 4-hydroxybenzoate uptake but was not a substrate for PcaK-catalyzed transport. A P. putida pcaK mutant was defective in its ability to accumulate micromolar amounts of 4-hydroxybenzoate and protocatechuate. The mutant was also impaired in growth on millimolar concentrations of these aromatic acids. In contrast, the pcaK mutant grew at wild-type rates on benzoate. The Vmax for uptake of 4-hydroxybenzoate was at least 25 nmol/min/mg of protein, and the Km was 6 microM. PcaK-mediated transport is energized by the proton motive force. These results show that although aromatic acids in the undissociated (uncharged) form can diffuse across bacterial membranes, high-specificity active transport systems probably also contribute to the ability of bacteria to grow on the micromolar concentrations of these compounds that are typically present in soil. A variety of aromatic molecules, including naturally occurring lignin derivatives and xenobiotics, are metabolized by bacteria and may be substrates for transport proteins. The characterization of PcaK provides a foundation for understanding active transport as a critical step in the metabolism of aromatic carbon sources.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Ledger, T., Aceituno, F., Gonzalez, B. (2009). 3-Chlorobenzoate is taken up by a chromosomally encoded transport system in Cupriavidus necator JMP134. Microbiology 155: 2757-2765 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ganas, P., Brandsch, R. (2009). Uptake of L-nicotine and of 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine by Arthrobacter nicotinovorans and by Escherichia coli is mediated by facilitated diffusion and not by passive diffusion or active transport. Microbiology 155: 1866-1877 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rodionov, D. A., Li, X., Rodionova, I. A., Yang, C., Sorci, L., Dervyn, E., Martynowski, D., Zhang, H., Gelfand, M. S., Osterman, A. L. (2008). Transcriptional regulation of NAD metabolism in bacteria: genomic reconstruction of NiaR (YrxA) regulon. Nucleic Acids Res 36: 2032-2046 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Liu, X., Parales, R. E. (2008). Chemotaxis of Escherichia coli to Pyrimidines: a New Role for the Signal Transducer Tap. J. Bacteriol. 190: 972-979 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Endo, R., Ohtsubo, Y., Tsuda, M., Nagata, Y. (2007). Identification and Characterization of Genes Encoding a Putative ABC-Type Transporter Essential for Utilization of {gamma}-Hexachlorocyclohexane in Sphingobium japonicum UT26. J. Bacteriol. 189: 3712-3720 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ganas, P., Mihasan, M., Igloi, G. L., Brandsch, R. (2007). A two-component small multidrug resistance pump functions as a metabolic valve during nicotine catabolism by Arthrobacter nicotinovorans. Microbiology 153: 1546-1555 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chaudhry, M. T., Huang, Y., Shen, X.-H., Poetsch, A., Jiang, C.-Y., Liu, S.-J. (2007). Genome-wide investigation of aromatic acid transporters in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Microbiology 153: 857-865 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chae, J.-C., Zylstra, G. J. (2006). 4-Chlorobenzoate Uptake in Comamonas sp. Strain DJ-12 Is Mediated by a Tripartite ATP-Independent Periplasmic Transporter. J. Bacteriol. 188: 8407-8412 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Peng, X., Masai, E., Kasai, D., Miyauchi, K., Katayama, Y., Fukuda, M. (2005). A Second 5-Carboxyvanillate Decarboxylase Gene, ligW2, Is Important for Lignin-Related Biphenyl Catabolism in Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK-6. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 5014-5021 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dal, S., Trautwein, G., Gerischer, U. (2005). Transcriptional Organization of Genes for Protocatechuate and Quinate Degradation from Acinetobacter sp. Strain ADP1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 1025-1034 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tropel, D., van der Meer, J. R. (2004). Bacterial Transcriptional Regulators for Degradation Pathways of Aromatic Compounds. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 68: 474-500 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Parales, R. E. (2004). Nitrobenzoates and Aminobenzoates Are Chemoattractants for Pseudomonas Strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 285-292 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yuroff, A. S., Sabat, G., Hickey, W. J. (2003). Transporter-Mediated Uptake of 2-Chloro- and 2-Hydroxybenzoate by Pseudomonas huttiensis Strain D1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 7401-7408 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Clark, T. J., Momany, C., Neidle, E. L. (2002). The benPK operon, proposed to play a role in transport, is part of a regulon for benzoate catabolism in Acinetobacter sp. strain ADP1. Microbiology 148: 1213-1223 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Shimoni, E., Baasov, T., Ravid, U., Shoham, Y. (2002). The trans-Anethole Degradation Pathway in an Arthrobacter sp.. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 11866-11872 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ditty, J. L., Harwood, C. S. (2002). Charged Amino Acids Conserved in the Aromatic Acid/H+ Symporter Family of Permeases Are Required for 4-Hydroxybenzoate Transport by PcaK from Pseudomonas putida. J. Bacteriol. 184: 1444-1448 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hawkins, A. C., Harwood, C. S. (2002). Chemotaxis of Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4) to the Herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 968-972 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Diaz, E., Ferrandez, A., Prieto, M. A., Garcia, J. L. (2001). Biodegradation of Aromatic Compounds by Escherichia coli. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 65: 523-569 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Providenti, M. A., Mampel, J., MacSween, S., Cook, A. M., Wyndham, R. C. (2001). Comamonas testosteroni BR6020 possesses a single genetic locus for extradiol cleavage of protocatechuate. Microbiology 147: 2157-2167 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chang, H.-K., Zylstra, G. J. (1999). Characterization of the Phthalate Permease OphD from Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 17616. J. Bacteriol. 181: 6197-6199 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ditty, J. L., Harwood, C. S. (1999). Conserved Cytoplasmic Loops Are Important for both the Transport and Chemotaxis Functions of PcaK, a Protein from Pseudomonas putida with 12 Membrane-Spanning Regions. J. Bacteriol. 181: 5068-5074 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Segura, A., Bünz, P. V., D'Argenio, D. A., Ornston, L. N. (1999). Genetic Analysis of a Chromosomal Region Containing vanA and vanB, Genes Required for Conversion of Either Ferulate or Vanillate to Protocatechuate in Acinetobacter. J. Bacteriol. 181: 3494-3504 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • D'Argenio, D. A., Segura, A., Coco, W. M., Bünz, P. V., Ornston, L. N. (1999). The Physiological Contribution of Acinetobacter PcaK, a Transport System That Acts upon Protocatechuate, Can Be Masked by the Overlapping Specificity of VanK. J. Bacteriol. 181: 3505-3515 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Romine, M. F., Stillwell, L. C., Wong, K.-K., Thurston, S. J., Sisk, E. C., Sensen, C., Gaasterland, T., Fredrickson, J. K., Saffer, J. D. (1999). Complete Sequence of a 184-Kilobase Catabolic Plasmid from Sphingomonas aromaticivorans F199. J. Bacteriol. 181: 1585-1602 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chang, H.-K., Zylstra, G. J. (1998). Novel Organization of the Genes for Phthalate Degradation from Burkholderia cepacia DBO1. J. Bacteriol. 180: 6529-6537 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zipper, C., Bunk, M., Zehnder, A. J. B., Kohler, H.-P. E. (1998). Enantioselective Uptake and Degradation of the Chiral Herbicide Dichlorprop [(RS)-2-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid] by Sphingomonas herbicidovorans MH. J. Bacteriol. 180: 3368-3374 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Díaz, E., Ferrández, A., García, J. L. (1998). Characterization of the hca Cluster Encoding the Dioxygenolytic Pathway for Initial Catabolism of 3-Phenylpropionic Acid in Escherichia coli K-12. J. Bacteriol. 180: 2915-2923 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Leveau, J. H. J., Zehnder, A. J. B., van der Meer, J. R. (1998). The tfdK Gene Product Facilitates Uptake of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate by Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4). J. Bacteriol. 180: 2237-2243 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Manson, M. D., Armitage, J. P., Hoch, J. A., Macnab, R. M. (1998). Bacterial Locomotion and Signal Transduction. J. Bacteriol. 180: 1009-1022 [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»