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Journal of Bacteriology, June 2000, p. 3259-3265, Vol. 182, No. 11
0021-9193/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The Clp Proteases of Bacillus subtilis Are Directly Involved in Degradation of Misfolded Proteins

Elke Krüger,dagger Elke Witt,dagger Steffen Ohlmeier, Renate Hanschke, and Michael Hecker*

Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany

Received 13 December 1999/Accepted 6 March 2000

The presence of the heat stress response-related ATPases ClpC and ClpX or the peptidase ClpP in the cell is crucial for tolerance of many forms of stress in Bacillus subtilis. Assays for detection of defects in protein degradation suggest that ClpC, ClpP, and ClpX participate directly in overall proteolysis of misfolded proteins. Turnover rates for abnormal puromycyl peptides are significantly decreased in clpC, clpP, and clpX mutant cells. Electron-dense aggregates, most likely due to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, were noticed in studies of ultrathin cryosections in clpC and clpP mutant cells even under nonstress conditions. In contrast, in the wild type or clpX mutants such aggregates could only be observed after heat shock. This phenomenon supports the assumption that clpC and clpP mutants are deficient in the ability to solubilize or degrade damaged and aggregated proteins, the accumulation of which is toxic for the cell. By using immunogold labeling with antibodies raised against ClpC, ClpP, and ClpX, the Clp proteins were localized in these aggregates, showing that the Clp proteins act at this level in vivo.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Jahustr. 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. Phone: 49 03834-864200. Fax: 49 03834-864202. E-mail: hecker{at}microbio7.biologie.uni-greifswald.de.

dagger Present address: Institut für Biochemie, Humboldt Universität, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Monbijoustr. 2A, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.

Journal of Bacteriology, June 2000, p. 3259-3265, Vol. 182, No. 11
0021-9193/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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