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Journal of Bacteriology, July 2000, p. 3717-3725, Vol. 182, No. 13
0021-9193/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Characterization of a Sinorhizobium meliloti
ATP-Binding Cassette Histidine Transporter Also Involved in Betaine
and Proline Uptake
Eric
Boncompagni,
Laurence
Dupont,
Tam
Mignot,
Magne
Østeräs,
Annie
Lambert,
Marie-Christine
Poggi, and
Daniel
Le
Rudulier*
Laboratoire de Biologie Végétale
et Microbiologie, CNRS ESA 6169, Faculté des Sciences
Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice
Cedex, France
Received 23 December 1999/Accepted 4 April 2000
The symbiotic soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti
uses the compatible solutes glycine betaine and proline betaine for
both protection against osmotic stress and, at low osmolarities, as an
energy source. A PCR strategy based on conserved domains in components
of the glycine betaine uptake systems from Escherichia coli
(ProU) and Bacillus subtilis (OpuA and OpuC) allowed us to identify a highly homologous ATP-binding cassette (ABC) binding protein-dependent transporter in S. meliloti. This system
was encoded by three genes (hutXWV) of an operon which also
contained a fourth gene (hutH2) encoding a putative
histidase, which is an enzyme involved in the first step of histidine
catabolism. Site-directed mutagenesis of the gene encoding the
periplasmic binding protein (hutX) and of the gene encoding
the cytoplasmic ATPase (hutV) was done to study the
substrate specificity of this transporter and its contribution in
betaine uptake. These mutants showed a 50% reduction in high-affinity
uptake of histidine, proline, and proline betaine and about a 30%
reduction in low-affinity glycine betaine transport. When histidine was
used as a nitrogen source, a 30% inhibition of growth was observed in
hut mutants (hutX and hutH2).
Expression analysis of the hut operon determined using a
hutX-lacZ fusion revealed induction by histidine, but not
by salt stress, suggesting this uptake system has a catabolic role
rather than being involved in osmoprotection. To our knowledge, Hut is
the first characterized histidine ABC transporter also involved in
proline and betaine uptake.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de
Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie, CNRS ESA 6169, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis,
Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex, France. Phone: (33) 492 076 834. Fax:
(33) 492 076 838. E-mail: leruduli{at}unice.fr.

Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth
College, Hanover, NH
03755.

Present address: Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel,
Switzerland.
Journal of Bacteriology, July 2000, p. 3717-3725, Vol. 182, No. 13
0021-9193/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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