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Journal of Bacteriology, May 2001, p. 3237-3246, Vol. 183, No. 10
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.10.3237-3246.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Two ResD-Controlled Promoters Regulate ctaA Expression in Bacillus subtilis

Salbi Paul, Xiaohui Zhang, and F. Marion Hulett*

Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607

Received 14 December 2000/Accepted 4 March 2001

The Bacillus subtilis ResDE two-component system plays a positive role in global regulation of genes involved in aerobic and anaerobic respiration. ctaA is one of the several genes involved in aerobic respiration that requires ResD for in vivo expression. The ctaAB-divergent promoter regulatory region has three ResD binding sites; A1, A2, and A3. The A2 site is essential for in vivo promoter activity, while binding sites A2 and A3 are required for full ctaA promoter activity. In this study, we demonstrate the role of ResD~P in the activation of the ctaA promoter using an in vitro transcription system. The results indicate that the ctaA promoter (binding sites A2 and A3) has two transcriptional start sites. Binding site A2 was sufficient for weak transcription of the upstream promoter (Pv) by Esigma A, transcription which was enhanced approximately 1.5-fold by ResD and 5-fold by ResD~P. The downstream promoter (Ps) required both binding sites A2 and A3 and was not transcribed by Esigma A with or without ResD~P. RNA polymerase (RNAP) isolated from B. subtilis when cells were at the end of exponential growth (T0) or 3, 4, or 5 h into the stationary phase (T3, T4, or T 5, respectively) was used in in vitro transcription assays. Maximal transcription from Ps required T4 RNAP plus ResD~P. RNAP isolated from a spo0A or a sigE mutant strain was not capable of Ps transcription. Comparison of the Ps promoter sequence with the SigE binding consensus suggests that the ctaA Ps promoter may be a SigE promoter. The collective data from ResD footprinting, in vivo promoter deletion analysis, and in vitro transcription assays suggest that ctaA is transcribed during late exponential to early stationary phases of growth from the Pv promoter, which requires ResD binding site A2, Esigma A, and ResD~P, and during later stationary phase from Ps, which requires binding sites A2 and A3, ResD~P, and Esigma E or a sigma factor whose transcription is dependent on SigE.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave. (M/C 567), Chicago, IL 60607. Phone: (312) 996-5460. Fax: (312) 413-2691. E-mail: Hulett{at}uic.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, May 2001, p. 3237-3246, Vol. 183, No. 10
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.10.3237-3246.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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