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Journal of Bacteriology, February 2002, p. 992-1002, Vol. 184, No. 4
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/jb.184.4.992-1002.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Transposable Element ISHp608 of Helicobacter pylori: Nonrandom Geographic Distribution, Functional Organization, and Insertion Specificity

Dangeruta Kersulyte,1 Billie Velapatiño,1,2 Giedrius Dailide,1 Asish K. Mukhopadhyay,1 Yoshiyuki Ito,1 Lizbeth Cahuayme,2 Alan J. Parkinson,3 Robert H. Gilman,2 and Douglas E. Berg1*

Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110,1 Department of Pathology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru,2 Arctic Investigations Program, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska3

Received 3 October 2001/ Accepted 19 November 2001

A new member of the IS605 transposable element family, designated ISHp608, was found by subtractive hybridization in Helicobacter pylori. Like the three other insertion sequences (ISs) known in this gastric pathogen, it contains two open reading frames (orfA and orfB), each related to putative transposase genes of simpler (one-gene) elements in other prokaryotes; orfB is also related to the Salmonella virulence gene gipA. PCR and hybridization tests showed that ISHp608 is nonrandomly distributed geographically: it was found in 21% of 194 European and African strains, 14% of 175 Bengali strains, 43% of 131 strains from native Peruvians and Alaska natives, but just 1% of 223 East Asian strains. ISHp608 also seemed more abundant in Peruvian gastric cancer strains than gastritis strains (9 of 14 versus 15 of 45, respectively; P = 0.04). Two ISHp608 types differing by ~11% in DNA sequence were identified: one was widely distributed geographically, and the other was found only in Peruvian and Alaskan strains. Isolates of a given type differed by <=2% in DNA sequence, but several recombinant elements were also found. ISHp608 marked with a resistance gene was found to (i) transpose in Escherichia coli; (ii) generate simple insertions during transposition, not cointegrates; (iii) insert downstream of the motif 5"-TTAC without duplicating target sequences; and (iv) require orfA but not orfB for its transposition. ISHp608 represents a widespread family of novel chimeric mobile DNA elements whose further analysis should provide new insights into transposition mechanisms and into microbial population genetic structure and genome evolution.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Microbiology, Campus Box 8230, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: (314) 362-2772. Fax: (314) 362-1232. E-mail: berg{at}borcim.wustl.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, February 2002, p. 992-1002, Vol. 184, No. 4
0021-9193/01/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/jb.184.4.992-1002.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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