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Journal of Bacteriology, February 2003, p. 897-908, Vol. 185, No. 3
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.3.897-908.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Plant Lectin-Like Bacteriocin from a Rhizosphere-Colonizing Pseudomonas Isolate

Annabel H. A. Parret,1* Geert Schoofs,1 Paul Proost,2 and René De Mot1

Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee,1 Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium2

Received 11 July 2002/ Accepted 6 November 2002

Rhizosphere isolate Pseudomonas sp. strain BW11M1, which belongs to the Pseudomonas putida cluster, secretes a heat- and protease-sensitive bacteriocin which kills P. putida GR12-2R3. The production of this bacteriocin is enhanced by DNA-damaging treatment of producer cells. We isolated a TnMod mutant of strain BW11M1 that had lost the capacity to inhibit the growth of strain GR12-2R3. A wild-type genomic fragment encompassing the transposon insertion site was shown to confer the bacteriocin phenotype when it was introduced into Escherichia coli cells. The bacteriocin structural gene was identified by defining the minimal region required for expression in E. coli. This gene was designated llpA (lectin-like putidacin) on the basis of significant homology of its 276-amino-acid product with mannose-binding lectins from monocotyledonous plants. LlpA is composed of two monocot mannose-binding lectin (MMBL) domains. Several uncharacterized bacterial genes encoding diverse proteins containing one or two MMBL domains were identified. A phylogenetic analysis of the MMBL domains present in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins assigned the putidacin domains to a new bacterial clade within the MMBL-containing protein family. Heterologous expression of the llpA gene also conveyed bacteriocin production to several Pseudomonas fluorescens strains. In addition, we demonstrated that strain BW11M1 and heterologous hosts secrete LlpA into the growth medium without requiring a cleavable signal sequence. Most likely, the mode of action of this lectin-like bacteriocin is different from the modes of action of previously described Pseudomonas bacteriocins.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Phone: 32 16 321631. Fax: 32 16 321966. E-mail: annabel.parret{at}agr.kuleuven.ac.be.

Journal of Bacteriology, February 2003, p. 897-908, Vol. 185, No. 3
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.3.897-908.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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