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Journal of Bacteriology, February 2003, p. 1376-1383, Vol. 185, No. 4
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.4.1376-1383.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Role of Two Novel Two-Component Regulatory Systems in Development and Phosphatase Expression in Myxococcus xanthus

Aurelio Moraleda-Muñoz,1 Juana Carrero-Lérida,1 Juana Pérez,1 and José Muñoz-Dorado1*

Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain1

Received 26 July 2002/ Accepted 29 October 2002

We have cloned a two-component regulatory system (phoR2-phoP2) of Myxococcus xanthus while searching for genes that encode proteins with phosphatase activity, where phoR2 encodes the histidine kinase and phoP2 encodes the response regulator. A second system, phoR3-phoP3, was identified and isolated by using phoP2 as a probe. These two systems are quite similar, sharing identities along the full-length proteins of 52% on the histidine kinases and 64% on the response regulators. The predicted structures of both kinases suggest that they are anchored to the membrane, with the sensor domains being located in the periplasmic space and the kinase domains in the cytoplasm. The response regulators (PhoP2 and PhoP3) exhibit a helix-loop-helix motif typical of DNA-binding proteins in the effector domains located in the C-terminal region. Studies on two single-deletion mutants and one double-deletion mutant have revealed that these systems are involved in development. Mutant fruiting bodies are not well packed, originating loose and flat aggregates where some myxospores do not reshape properly, and they remain as elongated cells. These systems are also involved in the expression of Mg-independent acid and neutral phosphatases, which are expressed during development. The neutral phosphatase gene is especially dependent on PhoP3. Neither PhoP2 nor PhoP3 regulates the expression of alkaline phosphatases and the pph1 gene.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain. Phone: 34 958 243183. Fax: 34 958 249486. E-mail: jdorado{at}ugr.es.

Journal of Bacteriology, February 2003, p. 1376-1383, Vol. 185, No. 4
0021-9193/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.185.4.1376-1383.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Garcia-Hernandez, R., Moraleda-Munoz, A., Castaneda-Garcia, A., Perez, J., Munoz-Dorado, J. (2009). Myxococcus xanthus Pph2 Is a Manganese-dependent Protein Phosphatase Involved in Energy Metabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 284: 28720-28728 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Whitworth, D. E., Holmes, A. B., Irvine, A. G., Hodgson, D. A., Scanlan, D. J. (2008). Phosphate Acquisition Components of the Myxococcus xanthus Pho Regulon Are Regulated by both Phosphate Availability and Development. J. Bacteriol. 190: 1997-2003 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sanchez-Sutil, M. C., Gomez-Santos, N., Moraleda-Munoz, A., Martins, L. O., Perez, J., Munoz-Dorado, J. (2007). Differential Expression of the Three Multicopper Oxidases from Myxococcus xanthus. J. Bacteriol. 189: 4887-4898 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pham, V. D., Shebelut, C. W., Jose, I. R., Hodgson, D. A., Whitworth, D. E., Singer, M. (2006). The response regulator PhoP4 is required for late developmental events in Myxococcus xanthus. Microbiology 152: 1609-1620 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Carrero-Lerida, J., Moraleda-Munoz, A., Garcia-Hernandez, R., Perez, J., Munoz-Dorado, J. (2005). PhoR1-PhoP1, a Third Two-Component System of the Family PhoRP from Myxococcus xanthus: Role in Development. J. Bacteriol. 187: 4976-4983 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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