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Journal of Bacteriology, June 2004, p. 3911-3921, Vol. 186, No. 12
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.12.3911-3921.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Extensive Genomic Diversity in Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella Strains Revealed by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Microarray {dagger}

Satoru Fukiya,1 Hiroshi Mizoguchi,1 Toru Tobe,2 and Hideo Mori1*

Kyowa Hakko Branch, Japan Bioindustry Association, Tokyo 194-8533,1 Division of Applied Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suitashi, Osaka 565-0872, Japan2

Received 31 October 2003/ Accepted 21 February 2004

Escherichia coli, including the closely related genus Shigella, is a highly diverse species in terms of genome structure. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) microarray analysis was used to compare the gene content of E. coli K-12 with the gene contents of pathogenic strains. Missing genes in a pathogen were detected on a microarray slide spotted with 4,071 open reading frames (ORFs) of W3110, a commonly used wild-type K-12 strain. For 22 strains subjected to the CGH microarray analyses 1,424 ORFs were found to be absent in at least one strain. The common backbone of the E. coli genome was estimated to contain about 2,800 ORFs. The mosaic distribution of absent regions indicated that the genomes of pathogenic strains were highly diversified becasue of insertions and deletions. Prophages, cell envelope genes, transporter genes, and regulator genes in the K-12 genome often were not present in pathogens. The gene contents of the strains tested were recognized as a matrix for a neighbor-joining analysis. The phylogenic tree obtained was consistent with the results of previous studies. However, unique relationships between enteroinvasive strains and Shigella, uropathogenic, and some enteropathogenic strains were suggested by the results of this study. The data demonstrated that the CGH microarray technique is useful not only for genomic comparisons but also for phylogenic analysis of E. coli at the strain level.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Kyowa Hakko Kogyo, Tokyo Research Laboratories, 3-6-6 Asahimachi, Machidashi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan. Phone: 81-42-725-2555. Fax: 81-42-726-8330. E-mail: hmori{at}kyowa.co.jp.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jb.asm.org/.

Journal of Bacteriology, June 2004, p. 3911-3921, Vol. 186, No. 12
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.12.3911-3921.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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