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Journal of Bacteriology, July 2004, p. 4285-4294, Vol. 186, No. 13
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.13.4285-4294.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Multilocus Sequence Typing of Streptococcus pyogenes Representing Most Known emm Types and Distinctions among Subpopulation Genetic Structures

Karen F. McGregor,1 Brian G. Spratt,1 Awdhesh Kalia,2,3 Alicia Bennett,3 Nicole Bilek,1 Bernard Beall,4 and Debra E. Bessen3,5*

Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,1 Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut,3 Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia,4 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York5

Received 17 December 2003/ Accepted 1 April 2004

A long-term goal is to characterize the full range of genetic diversity within Streptococcus pyogenes as it exists in the world today. Since the emm locus is subject to strong diversifying selection, emm type was used as a guide for identifying a genetically diverse set of strains. This report contains a description of multilocus sequence typing based on seven housekeeping loci for 495 isolates representing 158 emm types, yielding 238 unique combinations of sequence type and emm type. A genotypic marker for tissue site preference (emm pattern) revealed that only 17% of the emm types displayed the marker representing strong preference for infection at the throat and that 39% of emm types had the marker for skin tropism, whereas 41% of emm types harbored the marker for no obvious tissue site preference. As a group, the emm types bearing the emm pattern marker indicative of no obvious tissue site preference were far less likely to have two distinct emm types associated with the same sequence type than either of the two subpopulations having markers for strong tissue tropisms (P < 0.002). In addition, all genetic diversification events clearly ascribed to a recombinational mechanism involved strains of only two of the emm pattern-defined subpopulations, those representing skin specialists and generalists. The findings suggest that the population genetic structure differs for the tissue-defined subpopulations of S. pyogenes. The observed differences may partly reflect differential host immune selection pressures.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: New York Medical College, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Valhalla, NY 10595. Phone: (914) 594-4193. Fax: (914) 594-4176. E-mail: debra_bessen{at}nymc.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, July 2004, p. 4285-4294, Vol. 186, No. 13
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.13.4285-4294.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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