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Journal of Bacteriology, November 2004, p. 7618-7625, Vol. 186, No. 22
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.22.7618-7625.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Continuous Control in Bacterial Regulatory Circuits

Eric Batchelor,1 Thomas J. Silhavy,2 and Mark Goulian1,3*

Department of Physics,1 Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,3 Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey2

Received 14 June 2004/ Accepted 17 August 2004

We show that for two well-characterized regulatory circuits in Escherichia coli, Tn10 tetracycline resistance and porin osmoregulation, the transcriptional outputs in individual cells are graded functions of the applied stimuli. These systems are therefore examples of naturally occurring regulatory circuits that exhibit continuous control of transcription. Surprisingly, however, we find that porin osmoregulation is open loop; i.e., the porin expression level does not feed back into the regulatory circuit. This mode of control is particularly interesting for an organism such as E. coli, which proliferates in diverse environments, and raises important questions regarding the biologically relevant inputs and outputs for this system.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, 209 S. 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: (215) 573-6991. E-mail: goulian{at}physics.upenn.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, November 2004, p. 7618-7625, Vol. 186, No. 22
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.22.7618-7625.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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