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Journal of Bacteriology, November 2004, p. 7726-7735, Vol. 186, No. 22
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.22.7726-7735.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Responses of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides Transcriptome to Blue Light under Semiaerobic Conditions

Stephan Braatsch,1,2,{dagger} Oleg V. Moskvin,2,{dagger} Gabriele Klug,1* and Mark Gomelsky2*

Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany,1 Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming2

Received 15 June 2004/ Accepted 10 August 2004

Exposure to blue light of the facultative phototrophic proteobacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides grown semiaerobically results in repression of the puc and puf operons involved in photosystem formation. To reveal the genome-wide effects of blue light on gene expression and the underlying photosensory mechanisms, transcriptome profiles of R. sphaeroides during blue-light irradiation (for 5 to 135 min) were analyzed. Expression of most photosystem genes was repressed upon irradiation. Downregulation of photosystem development may be used to prevent photooxidative damage occurring when the photosystem, oxygen, and high-intensity light are present simultaneously. The photoreceptor of the BLUF-domain family, AppA, which belongs to the AppA-PpsR antirepressor-repressor system, is essential for maintenance of repression upon prolonged irradiation (S. Braatsch et al., Mol. Microbiol. 45:827-836, 2002). Transcriptome data suggest that the onset of repression is also mediated by the AppA-PpsR system, albeit via an apparently different sensory mechanism. Expression of several genes, whose products may participate in photooxidative damage defense, including deoxypyrimidine photolyase, glutathione peroxidase, and quinol oxidoreductases, was increased. Among the genes upregulated were genes encoding two {sigma} factors: {sigma}E and {sigma}38. The consensus promoter sequences for these {sigma} factors were predicted in the upstream sequences of numerous upregulated genes, suggesting that coordinated action of {sigma}E and {sigma}38 is responsible for the upregulation. Based on the dynamics of upregulation, the anti-{sigma}E factor ChrR or its putative upstream partner is proposed to be the primary sensor. The identified transcriptome responses provided a framework for deciphering blue-light-dependent signal transduction pathways in R. sphaeroides.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address for Mark Gomelsky: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Department 3944, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071. Phone: (307) 766-3522. Fax: (307) 766-3875. E-mail: gomelsky{at}uwyo.edu. Mailing address for Gabriele Klug: Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany. Phone: (49) 641 99 355 42. Fax: (49) 641 99 355 49. E-mail: Gabriele.Klug{at}mikro.bio.uni-giessen.de.

{dagger} S.B. and O.V.M. contributed equally to this study.

Journal of Bacteriology, November 2004, p. 7726-7735, Vol. 186, No. 22
0021-9193/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JB.186.22.7726-7735.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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