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Journal of Bacteriology, May 2005, p. 3374-3383, Vol. 187, No. 10
0021-9193/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.187.10.3374-3383.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

A Novel 3-Deoxy-D-manno-Octulosonic Acid (Kdo) Hydrolase That Removes the Outer Kdo Sugar of Helicobacter pylori Lipopolysaccharide

Christopher Stead,1 An Tran,1 Donald Ferguson Jr.,1,2 Sara McGrath,3 Robert Cotter,3 and Stephen Trent1*

Department of Microbiology, J. H. Quillen College of Medicine,1 East Tennessee State University Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614,2 Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 212053

Received 5 January 2005/ Accepted 9 February 2005

The lipid A domain anchors lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the outer membrane and is typically a disaccharide of glucosamine that is both acylated and phosphorylated. The core and O-antigen carbohydrate domains are linked to the lipid A moiety through the eight-carbon sugar 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid known as Kdo. Helicobacter pylori LPS has been characterized as having a single Kdo residue attached to lipid A, predicting in vivo a monofunctional Kdo transferase (WaaA). However, using an in vitro assay system we demonstrate that H. pylori WaaA is a bifunctional enzyme transferring two Kdo sugars to the tetra-acylated lipid A precursor lipid IVA. In the present work we report the discovery of a Kdo hydrolase in membranes of H. pylori capable of removing the outer Kdo sugar from Kdo2-lipid A. Enzymatic removal of the Kdo group was dependent upon prior removal of the 1-phosphate group from the lipid A domain, and mass spectrometric analysis of the reaction product confirmed the enzymatic removal of a single Kdo residue by the Kdo-trimming enzyme. This is the first characterization of a Kdo hydrolase involved in the modification of gram-negative bacterial LPS.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Box 70579, Johnson City, TN 37614. Phone: (423) 439-6293. Fax: (423) 439-8044. E-mail: trentms{at}mail.etsu.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, May 2005, p. 3374-3383, Vol. 187, No. 10
0021-9193/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.187.10.3374-3383.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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