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Journal of Bacteriology, May 2005, p. 2948-2956, Vol. 187, No. 9
0021-9193/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.187.9.2948-2956.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Bacillus subtilis Paraquat Resistance Is Directed by {sigma}M, an Extracytoplasmic Function Sigma Factor, and Is Conferred by YqjL and BcrC

Min Cao, Charles M. Moore, and John D. Helmann*

Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-8101

Received 23 August 2004/ Accepted 22 January 2005

A Bacillus subtilis sigM null mutant, lacking the extracytoplasmic function {sigma}M protein, was sensitive to paraquat (PQ), a superoxide-generating reagent, but not to the redox stress-inducing compounds hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, or diamide. Surprisingly, a sigM mutant was only sensitive to superoxide-generating compounds with a dipyridyl ring such as PQ, ethyl viologen, benzyl viologen, and diquat but not to menadione, plumbagin, pyrogallol, or nitrofurantoin. Mutational analysis of candidate {sigma}M-regulated genes revealed that both YqjL, a putative hydrolase, and BcrC, a bacitracin resistance protein, were involved in PQ resistance. Expression of yqjL, but not bcrC, from a xylose-inducible promoter restored PQ resistance to the sigM mutant.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Wing Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-8101. Phone: (607) 255-6570. Fax: (607) 255-3904. E-mail: jdh9{at}cornell.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, May 2005, p. 2948-2956, Vol. 187, No. 9
0021-9193/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.187.9.2948-2956.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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