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Journal of Bacteriology, August 2006, p. 6002-6015, Vol. 188, No. 16
0021-9193/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01927-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Comparison of the Genome Sequence of the Poultry Pathogen Bordetella avium with Those of B. bronchiseptica, B. pertussis, and B. parapertussis Reveals Extensive Diversity in Surface Structures Associated with Host Interaction

Mohammed Sebaihia,1 Andrew Preston,2 Duncan J. Maskell,3 Holly Kuzmiak,4 Terry D. Connell,5 Natalie D. King,5 Paul E. Orndorff,6 David M. Miyamoto,7 Nicholas R. Thomson,1 David Harris,1 Arlette Goble,1 Angela Lord,1 Lee Murphy,1 Michael A. Quail,1 Simon Rutter,1 Robert Squares,1 Steven Squares,1 John Woodward,1 Julian Parkhill,1 and Louise M. Temple8*

Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom,1 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada,2 Centre for Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom,3 Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,4 The Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214,5 Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27612,6 Department of Biology, Drew University, Madison, New Jersey 07940,7 Department of Biology, MSC7801, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 228018

Received 16 December 2005/ Accepted 2 June 2006

Bordetella avium is a pathogen of poultry and is phylogenetically distinct from Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bordetella pertussis, and Bordetella parapertussis, which are other species in the Bordetella genus that infect mammals. In order to understand the evolutionary relatedness of Bordetella species and further the understanding of pathogenesis, we obtained the complete genome sequence of B. avium strain 197N, a pathogenic strain that has been extensively studied. With 3,732,255 base pairs of DNA and 3,417 predicted coding sequences, it has the smallest genome and gene complement of the sequenced bordetellae. In this study, the presence or absence of previously reported virulence factors from B. avium was confirmed, and the genetic bases for growth characteristics were elucidated. Over 1,100 genes present in B. avium but not in B. bronchiseptica were identified, and most were predicted to encode surface or secreted proteins that are likely to define an organism adapted to the avian rather than the mammalian respiratory tracts. These include genes coding for the synthesis of a polysaccharide capsule, hemagglutinins, a type I secretion system adjacent to two very large genes for secreted proteins, and unique genes for both lipopolysaccharide and fimbrial biogenesis. Three apparently complete prophages are also present. The BvgAS virulence regulatory system appears to have polymorphisms at a poly(C) tract that is involved in phase variation in other bordetellae. A number of putative iron-regulated outer membrane proteins were predicted from the sequence, and this regulation was confirmed experimentally for five of these.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biology, MSC7801, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22801. Phone: (540) 568-6733. Fax: (540) 568-2294. E-mail: templelm{at}jmu.edu.

Journal of Bacteriology, August 2006, p. 6002-6015, Vol. 188, No. 16
0021-9193/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01927-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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