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Journal of Bacteriology, November 2006, p. 7815-7822, Vol. 188, No. 22
0021-9193/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00785-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Phosphorylation of Phenol by Phenylphosphate Synthase: Role of Histidine Phosphate in Catalysis{triangledown}

Ariun Narmandakh,1 Nasser Gad'on,1 Friedel Drepper,2 Bettina Knapp,2 Wolfgang Haehnel,2 and Georg Fuchs1*

Department Biochemie und,2 Mikrobiologie, Institut Biologie II, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany1

Received 1 June 2006/ Accepted 5 September 2006

The anaerobic metabolism of phenol proceeds via carboxylation to 4-hydroxybenzoate by a two-step process involving seven proteins and two enzymes ("biological Kolbe-Schmitt carboxylation"). MgATP-dependent phosphorylation of phenol catalyzed by phenylphosphate synthase is followed by phenylphosphate carboxylation. Phenylphosphate synthase shows similarities to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) synthase and was studied for the bacterium Thauera aromatica. It consists of three proteins and transfers the ß-phosphoryl from ATP to phenol; the products are phenylphosphate, AMP, and phosphate. We showed that protein 1 becomes phosphorylated in the course of the reaction cycle by [ß-32P]ATP. This reaction requires protein 2 and is severalfold stimulated by protein 3. Stimulation of the reaction by 1 M sucrose is probably due to stabilization of the protein(s). Phosphorylated protein 1 transfers the phosphoryl group to phenolic substrates. The primary structure of protein 1 was analyzed by nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry after CNBr cleavage, trypsin digestion, and online high-pressure liquid chromatography at alkaline pH. His-569 was identified as the phosphorylated amino acid. We propose a catalytic ping-pong mechanism similar to that of PEP synthase. First, a diphosphoryl group is transferred to His-569 in protein 1, from which phosphate is cleaved to render the reaction unidirectional. Histidine phosphate subsequently serves as the actual phosphorylation agent.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department Mikrobiologie, Institut Biologie II, Schänzlestr. 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Phone: (49) 761-2032649. Fax: (49) 761-2032626. E-mail: georg.fuchs{at}biologie.uni-freiburg.de.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 15 September 2006.

Journal of Bacteriology, November 2006, p. 7815-7822, Vol. 188, No. 22
0021-9193/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00785-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Ahn, Y.-B., Chae, J.-C., Zylstra, G. J., Haggblom, M. M. (2009). Degradation of Phenol via Phenylphosphate and Carboxylation to 4-Hydroxybenzoate by a Newly Isolated Strain of the Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Desulfobacterium anilini. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 4248-4253 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Schleinitz, K. M., Schmeling, S., Jehmlich, N., von Bergen, M., Harms, H., Kleinsteuber, S., Vogt, C., Fuchs, G. (2009). Phenol Degradation in the Strictly Anaerobic Iron-Reducing Bacterium Geobacter metallireducens GS-15. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 3912-3919 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
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