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Journal of Bacteriology, May 2006, p. 3345-3356, Vol. 188, No. 9
0021-9193/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.188.9.3345-3356.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Biochemical Bases of Type IV Chromatic Adaptation in Marine Synechococcus spp.

Craig Everroad,1,{dagger} Christophe Six,2,{dagger} Frédéric Partensky,2* Jean-Claude Thomas,3 Julia Holtzendorff,2 and A. Michelle Wood1*

Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403,1 UMR 7144 CNRS and University Paris 6, Oceanic Plankton Group, Station Biologique, BP74, 29682 Roscoff cedex, France,2 Signalisation et Morphogenèse des Diatomées FRE2910, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France3

Received 4 October 2005/ Accepted 15 February 2006

Chromatic adaptation (CA) in cyanobacteria has provided a model system for the study of the environmental control of photophysiology for several decades. All forms of CA that have been examined so far (types II and III) involve changes in the relative contents of phycoerythrin (PE) and/or phycocyanin when cells are shifted from red to green light and vice versa. However, the chromophore compositions of these polypeptides are not altered. Some marine Synechococcus species strains, which possess two PE forms (PEI and PEII), carry out another type of CA (type IV), occurring during shifts from blue to green or white light. Two chromatically adapting strains of marine Synechococcus recently isolated from the Gulf of Mexico were utilized to elucidate the mechanism of type IV CA. During this process, no change in the relative contents of PEI and PEII was observed. Instead, the ratio of the two chromophores bound to PEII, phycourobilin and phycoerythrobilin, is high under blue light and low under white light. Mass spectroscopy analyses of isolated PEII {alpha}- and ß-subunits show that there is a single PEII protein type under all light climates. The CA process seems to specifically affect the chromophorylation of the PEII (and possibly PEI) {alpha} chain. We propose a likely process for type IV CA, which involves the enzymatic activity of one or several phycobilin lyases and/or lyase-isomerases differentially controlled by the ambient light quality. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene confirm that type IV CA is not limited to a single clade of marine Synechococcus.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address for Michelle Wood: Center for Ecology and Evolution, Dept. of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403. Phone: (541) 346-0454. Fax: (541) 346-2364. E-mail: m.michellewood{at}gmail.com. Mailing address for Frédéric Partensky: UMR 7144 CNRS and University Paris 6, Oceanic Plankton Group, Station Biologique, BP74, 29682 Roscoff cedex, France. Phone: 33-298-292-564. Fax: 33-298-292-324. E-mail: partensky{at}sb=roscoff.fr.

{dagger} These two authors contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Bacteriology, May 2006, p. 3345-3356, Vol. 188, No. 9
0021-9193/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.188.9.3345-3356.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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