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Journal of Bacteriology, July 2007, p. 4587-4596, Vol. 189, No. 13
0021-9193/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00178-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Delineation of the Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium HilA Regulon through Genome-Wide Location and Transcript Analysis

Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, K. U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium,¹ ESAT-SCD, K. U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, 3001 Leuven, Belgium,² Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, 10835 Altman Row, San Diego, California 92121³

Received 2 February 2007/ Accepted 25 April 2007

The Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium HilA protein is the key regulator for the invasion of epithelial cells. By a combination of genome-wide location and transcript analysis, the HilA-dependent regulon has been delineated. Under invasion-inducing conditions, HilA binds to most of the known target genes and a number of new target genes. The sopB, sopE, and sopA genes, encoding effector proteins secreted by the type III secretion system on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1), were identified as being both bound by HilA and differentially regulated in an HilA mutant. This suggests a cooperative role for HilA and InvF in the regulation of SPI-1-secreted effectors. Also, siiA, the first gene of SPI-4, is both bound by HilA and differentially regulated in an HilA mutant, thus linking this pathogenicity island to the invasion key regulator. Finally, the interactions of HilA with the SPI-2 secretion system gene ssaH and the flagellar gene flhD imply a repressor function for HilA under invasion-inducing conditions.

Published ahead of print on 4 May 2007.

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