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Journal of Bacteriology, September 2007, p. 6521-6531, Vol. 189, No. 18
0021-9193/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00825-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Regulation of gbpC Expression in Streptococcus mutans{triangledown}

Indranil Biswas,* Laura Drake, and Saswati Biswas

Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069

Received 25 May 2007/ Accepted 2 July 2007

Streptococcus mutans, the principal causative agent of dental caries, produces four glucan-binding proteins (Gbp) that play major roles in bacterial adherence and pathogenesis. One of these proteins, GbpC, is an important cell surface protein involved in biofilm formation. GbpC is also important for cariogenesis, bacteremia, and infective endocarditis. In this study, we examined the regulation of gbpC expression in S. mutans strain UA159. We found that gbpC expression attains the maximum level at mid-exponential growth phase, and the half-life of the transcript is less than 2 min. Expression from PgbpC was measured using a PgbpC-gusA transcriptional fusion reporter and was analyzed under various stress conditions, including thermal, osmotic, and acid stresses. Expression of gbpC is induced under conditions of thermal stress but is repressed during growth at low pH, whereas osmotic stress had no effect on expression from PgbpC. The results from the expression analyses were further confirmed using semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Our results also reveal that CovR, a global response regulator in many Streptococcus spp., represses gbpC expression at the transcriptional level. We demonstrated that purified CovR protein binds directly to the promoter region of PgbpC to repress gbpC expression. Using a DNase I protection assay, we showed that CovR binds to DNA sequences surrounding PgbpC from bases –68 to 28 (where base 1 is the start of transcription). In summary, our results indicate that various stress conditions modulate the expression of gbpC and that CovR negatively regulates the expression of the gbpC gene by directly binding to the promoter region.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Lee Medical Building, 414 E. Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069. Phone: (605) 677-5163. Fax: (605) 677-6381. E-mail: ibiswas{at}usd.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 6 July 2007.

Journal of Bacteriology, September 2007, p. 6521-6531, Vol. 189, No. 18
0021-9193/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00825-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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