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Journal of Bacteriology, September 2007, p. 6572-6579, Vol. 189, No. 18
0021-9193/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00812-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Unusual 23S rRNA Gene of Coxiella burnetii: Two Self-Splicing Group I Introns Flank a 34-Base-Pair Exon, and One Element Lacks the Canonical {Omega}G{triangledown}

Rahul Raghavan, Scott R. Miller, Linda D. Hicks, and Michael F. Minnick*

Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812

Received 24 May 2007/ Accepted 8 July 2007

We describe the presence and characteristics of two self-splicing group I introns in the sole 23S rRNA gene of Coxiella burnetii. The two group I introns, Cbu.L1917 and Cbu.L1951, are inserted at sites 1917 and 1951 (Escherichia coli numbering), respectively, in the 23S rRNA gene of C. burnetii. Both introns were found to be self-splicing in vivo and in vitro even though the terminal nucleotide of Cbu.L1917 is adenine and not the canonical conserved guanine, termed {Omega}G, found in Cbu.L1951 and all other group I introns described to date. Predicted secondary structures for both introns were constructed and revealed that Cbu.L1917 and Cbu.L1951 were group IB2 and group IA3 introns, respectively. We analyzed strains belonging to eight genomic groups of C. burnetii to determine sequence variation and the presence or absence of the elements and found both introns to be highly conserved (≥99%) among them. Although phylogenetic analysis did not identify the specific identities of donors, it indicates that the introns were likely acquired independently; Cbu.L1917 was acquired from other bacteria like Thermotoga subterranea and Cbu.L1951 from lower eukaryotes like Acanthamoeba castellanii. We also confirmed the fragmented nature of mature 23S rRNA in C. burnetii due to the presence of an intervening sequence. The presence of three selfish elements in C. burnetii's 23S rRNA gene is very unusual for an obligate intracellular bacterium and suggests a recent shift to its current lifestyle from a previous niche with greater opportunities for lateral gene transfer.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812. Phone: (406) 243-5792. Fax: (406) 243-4184. E-mail: mike.minnick{at}mso.umt.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 20 July 2007.

Journal of Bacteriology, September 2007, p. 6572-6579, Vol. 189, No. 18
0021-9193/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00812-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Raghavan, R., Minnick, M. F. (2009). Group I Introns and Inteins: Disparate Origins but Convergent Parasitic Strategies. J. Bacteriol. 191: 6193-6202 [Full Text]  
  • Raghavan, R., Hicks, L. D., Minnick, M. F. (2009). A Unique Group I Intron in Coxiella burnetii Is a Natural Splice Mutant. J. Bacteriol. 191: 4044-4046 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Beare, P. A., Unsworth, N., Andoh, M., Voth, D. E., Omsland, A., Gilk, S. D., Williams, K. P., Sobral, B. W., Kupko, J. J. III, Porcella, S. F., Samuel, J. E., Heinzen, R. A. (2009). Comparative Genomics Reveal Extensive Transposon-Mediated Genomic Plasticity and Diversity among Potential Effector Proteins within the Genus Coxiella. Infect. Immun. 77: 642-656 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
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