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Journal of Bacteriology, May 2008, p. 3580-3587, Vol. 190, No. 10
0021-9193/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01860-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

A New Lineage of Halophilic, Wall-Less, Contractile Bacteria from a Brine-Filled Deep of the Red Sea{triangledown}

André Antunes,1 Fred A. Rainey,2 Gerhard Wanner,3 Marco Taborda,1 Jürgen Pätzold,4 M. Fernanda Nobre,1 Milton S. da Costa,5* and Robert Huber6

Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Department of Zoology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal,1 Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803,2 Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80638 Munich, Germany,3 Research Center Ocean Margins, University of Bremen, D-28334 Bremen, Germany,4 Department of Biochemistry, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal,5 Kommunale Berufsfachschule für Biologisch-Technische Assistenten, D-94315 Straubing, Germany6

Received 27 November 2007/ Accepted 1 March 2008

A novel strictly anaerobic bacterium designated strain SSD-17BT was isolated from the hypersaline brine-sediment interface of the Shaban Deep, Red Sea. Cells were pleomorphic but usually consisted of a central coccoid body with one or two "tentacle-like" protrusions. These protrusions actively alternated between a straight, relaxed form and a contracted, corkscrew-like one. A peptidoglycan layer was not detected by electron microscopy. The organism forms "fried-egg"-like colonies on MM-X medium. The organism is strictly anaerobic and halophilic and has an optimum temperature for growth of about 30 to 37°C and an optimum pH of about 7. Nitrate and nitrite are reduced; lactate is a fermentation product. The fatty acid profile is dominated by straight saturated and unsaturated chain compounds. Menaquinone 4 is the major respiratory quinone. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated strain SSD-17BT represents a novel and distinct lineage within the radiation of the domain Bacteria. The branching position of strain SSD-17BT was equidistant to the taxa considered to be representative lineages of the phyla Firmicutes and Tenericutes (with its sole class Mollicutes). The phenotypic and phylogenetic data clearly show the distinctiveness of this unusual bacterium, and we therefore propose that strain SSD-17BT (= DSM 18853 = JCM 14575) represents a new genus and a new species, for which we recommend the name Haloplasma contractile gen. nov., sp. nov. We are also of the opinion that the organism represents a new order-level taxon, for which we propose the name Haloplasmatales.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal. Phone: 351-239824024. Fax: 351-239855789. E-mail: milton{at}ci.uc.pt

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 7 March 2008.

Journal of Bacteriology, May 2008, p. 3580-3587, Vol. 190, No. 10
0021-9193/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01860-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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