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Journal of Bacteriology, January 2008, p. 564-570, Vol. 190, No. 2
0021-9193/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01457-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Role of Hypermutability in the Evolution of the Genus Oenococcus{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Angela M. Marcobal,1 David A. Sela,1 Yuri I. Wolf,2 Kira S. Makarova,2 and David A. Mills1*

Robert Mondavi Institute for Wine and Food Sciences, Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California,1 National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland2

Received 7 September 2007/ Accepted 28 October 2007

Oenococcus oeni is an alcohol-tolerant, acidophilic lactic acid bacterium primarily responsible for malolactic fermentation in wine. A recent comparative genomic analysis of O. oeni PSU-1 with other sequenced lactic acid bacteria indicates that PSU-1 lacks the mismatch repair (MMR) genes mutS and mutL. Consistent with the lack of MMR, mutation rates for O. oeni PSU-1 and a second oenococcal species, O. kitaharae, were higher than those observed for neighboring taxa, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Sequence analysis of the rpoB mutations in rifampin-resistant strains from both oenococcal species revealed a high percentage of transition mutations, a result indicative of the lack of MMR. An analysis of common alleles in the two sequenced O. oeni strains, PSU-1 and BAA-1163, also revealed a significantly higher level of transition substitutions than were observed in other Lactobacillales species. These results suggest that the genus Oenococcus is hypermutable due to the loss of mutS and mutL, which occurred with the divergence away from the neighboring Leuconostoc branch. The hypermutable status of the genus Oenococcus explains the observed high level of allelic polymorphism among known O. oeni isolates and likely contributed to the unique adaptation of this genus to acidic and alcoholic environments.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616. Phone: (530) 754-7821. Fax: (530) 752-0382. E-mail: damills{at}ucdavis.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 9 November 2007.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jb.asm.org/.

Journal of Bacteriology, January 2008, p. 564-570, Vol. 190, No. 2
0021-9193/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01457-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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