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Journal of Bacteriology, December 2008, p. 8053-8064, Vol. 190, No. 24
0021-9193/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00834-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Comparative Genome Sequence Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Mark D. Adams,1* Karrie Goglin,1,{ddagger} Neil Molyneaux,1 Kristine M. Hujer,2 Heather Lavender,1 Jennifer J. Jamison,3 Ian J. MacDonald,3 Kristienna M. Martin,3 Thomas Russo,3,4,5,7 Anthony A. Campagnari,3,7 Andrea M. Hujer,2 Robert A. Bonomo,2,6 and Steven R. Gill3,8

Department of Genetics,1 Departments of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio,6 Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio,2 New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences,3 Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System,4 Department of Medicine,5 Department of Microbiology & Immunology,7 Department of Oral Biology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York8

Received 16 June 2008/ Accepted 6 October 2008

The recent emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Acinetobacter baumannii has raised concern in health care settings worldwide. In order to understand the repertoire of resistance determinants and their organization and origins, we compared the genome sequences of three MDR and three drug-susceptible A. baumannii isolates. The entire MDR phenotype can be explained by the acquisition of discrete resistance determinants distributed throughout the genome. A comparison of closely related MDR and drug-susceptible isolates suggests that drug efflux may be a less significant contributor to resistance to certain classes of antibiotics than inactivation enzymes are. A resistance island with a variable composition of resistance determinants interspersed with transposons, integrons, and other mobile genetic elements is a significant but not universal contributor to the MDR phenotype. Four hundred seventy-five genes are shared among all six clinical isolates but absent from the related environmental species Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1. These genes are enriched for transcription factors and transporters and suggest physiological features of A. baumannii that are related to adaptation for growth in association with humans.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-4955. Phone: (216) 368-2791. Fax: (216) 368-3432. E-mail: mda13{at}case.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 17 October 2008.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jb.asm.org/.

{ddagger} Present address: Scripps Healthcare, San Diego, CA.

Journal of Bacteriology, December 2008, p. 8053-8064, Vol. 190, No. 24
0021-9193/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00834-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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