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Journal of Bacteriology, January 2009, p. 210-219, Vol. 191, No. 1
0021-9193/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00797-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Interaction between Bacteriophage DMS3 and Host CRISPR Region Inhibits Group Behaviors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Michael E. Zegans,1,2,{ddagger} Jeffrey C. Wagner,1,{ddagger},§ Kyle C. Cady,1 Daniel M. Murphy,1 John H. Hammond,1 and George A. O'Toole1*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rm. 505 Vail Building, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755,1 Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 037562

Received 6 June 2008/ Accepted 17 October 2008

Bacteriophage infection has profound effects on bacterial biology. Clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and cas (CRISPR-associated) genes are found in most archaea and many bacteria and have been reported to play a role in resistance to bacteriophage infection. We observed that lysogenic infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 with bacteriophage DMS3 inhibits biofilm formation and swarming motility, both important bacterial group behaviors. This inhibition requires the CRISPR region in the host. Mutation or deletion of five of the six cas genes and one of the two CRISPRs in this region restored biofilm formation and swarming to DMS3 lysogenized strains. Our observations suggest a role for CRISPR regions in modifying the effects of lysogeny on P. aeruginosa.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Rm. 505 Vail Bldg., Hanover, NH 03755. Phone: (603) 650-1248. Fax: (603) 650-1245. E-mail: georgeo{at}Dartmouth.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 24 October 2008.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jb.asm.org/.

{ddagger} These authors contributed equally to this study.

§ Present address: Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.

Journal of Bacteriology, January 2009, p. 210-219, Vol. 191, No. 1
0021-9193/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.00797-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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