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Journal of Bacteriology, June 2009, p. 3852-3860, Vol. 191, No. 12
0021-9193/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01642-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Phosphate-Dependent Behavior of the Archaeon Halobacterium salinarum Strain R1{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Andy Wende,{dagger}{dagger} Katarina Furtwängler, and Dieter Oesterhelt*

Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany

Received 18 November 2008/ Accepted 2 April 2009

Phosphate is essential for life on earth, since it is an integral part of important biomolecules. The mechanisms applied by bacteria and eukarya to combat phosphate limitation are fairly well understood. However, it is not known how archaea sense phosphate limitation or which genes are regulated upon limitation. We conducted a microarray analysis to explore the phosphate-dependent gene expression of Halobacterium salinarum strain R1. We identified a set of 17 genes whose transcript levels increased up to several hundredfold upon phosphate limitation. Analysis of deletion mutants showed that this set of genes, the PHO stimulon, is very likely independent of signaling via two-component systems. Our experiments further indicate that PHO stimulon induction might be dependent on the intracellular phosphate concentration, which turned out to be subject to substantial changes. Finally, the study revealed that H. salinarum exhibits a phosphate-directed chemotaxis, which is induced by phosphate starvation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. Phone: (49) 89-8678-2387. Fax: (49) 89-8578-3557. E-mail: oesterhe{at}biochem.mpg.de

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 10 April 2009.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jb.asm.org/.

{dagger}{dagger} Present address: QIAGEN Gmbh, Qiagen Str. 1, D-40724, Hilden, Germany.

Journal of Bacteriology, June 2009, p. 3852-3860, Vol. 191, No. 12
0021-9193/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01642-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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