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Journal of Bacteriology, April 2009, p. 2266-2275, Vol. 191, No. 7
0021-9193/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01152-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Flagellar Biogenesis of Xanthomonas campestris Requires the Alternative Sigma Factors RpoN2 and FliA and Is Temporally Regulated by FlhA, FlhB, and FlgM{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Tsuey-Ching Yang,1 Yu-Wei Leu,2 Hui-Chen Chang-Chien,2 and Rouh-Mei Hu2*

Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan,1 Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung County 413, Taiwan2

Received 15 August 2008/ Accepted 29 December 2008

In prokaryotes, flagellar biogenesis is a complicated process involving over 40 genes. The phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris possesses a single polar flagellum, which is essential for the swimming motility. A {sigma}54 activator, FleQ, has been shown to be required for the transcriptional activation of the flagellar type III secretion system (F-T3SS), rod, and hook proteins. One of the two rpoN genes, rpoN2, encoding {sigma}54, is essential for flagellation. RpoN2 and FleQ direct the expression of a second alternative sigma FliA ({sigma}28) that is essential for the expression of the flagellin FliC. FlgM interacts with FliA and represses the FliA regulons. An flgM mutant overexpressing FliC generates a deformed flagellum and displays an abnormal motility. Mutation in the two structural genes of F-T3SS, flhA and flhB, suppresses the production of FliC. Furthermore, FliA protein levels are decreased in an flhB mutant. A mutant defective in flhA, but not flhB, exhibits a decreased infection rate. In conclusion, the flagellar biogenesis of Xanthomonas campestris requires alternative sigma factors RpoN2 and FliA and is temporally regulated by FlhA, FlhB, and FlgM.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung County 413, Taiwan. Phone: 886-4-2332-2456, ext. 1834. Fax: 886-4-2331-6699. E-mail: rmhu{at}asia.edu.tw

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 9 January 2009.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jb.asm.org/.

Journal of Bacteriology, April 2009, p. 2266-2275, Vol. 191, No. 7
0021-9193/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JB.01152-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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